Table 5.
Production of antifungal volatile organic compounds and competition of nutrients of the antagonistic yeasts against rice pathogenic fungi.
| Rice Pathogenic Fungus and Antagonistic Yeast | Growth Inhibition by VOCs (%) a | Growth Inhibition in Different Nutrient Competition b | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A c | B d | C e | D f | Sum | ||
| Cu. lunata DOAC 2313 | ||||||
| K. ohmeri DMKU-RP06 | 15.2 ± 2.0d | 48.3a | 18.8b | 6.3c | 0d | - |
| K. ohmeri DMKU-RP57 | 35.1 ± 0.5b | 44.7a | 15.1b | 0c | 0c | - |
| K. ohmeri DMKU-RP233 | 19.4 ± 0.3cd | 31.4a | 7.5b | 0c | 0c | - |
| M. caribbica DMKU-RP07 | 32.1 ± 0.6bc | 38.0a | 17.2b | 0c | 0c | - |
| T. indica DMKU-RP31 | 60.2 ± 0.3a | 62.1a | 38.4b | 6.9c | 0d | - |
| T. indica DMKU-RP35 | 59.6 ± 0.9a | 61.0a | 38.3b | 4.4c | 0d | - |
| W. anomalus DMKU-RP04 | 15.7 ± 1.1d | 50.3a | 22.8b | 6.1c | 0d | - |
| W. anomalus DMKU-RP25 | 23.8 ± 1.2c | 59.1a | 21.1b | 6.1c | 0d | - |
| F. moniliforme DOAC 1224 | ||||||
| K. ohmeri DMKU-RP06 | 6.8 ± 1.3e | 23.3a | 0b | 0b | 0b | - |
| K. ohmeri DMKU-RP18 | 25.3 ± 1.2c | 20.0a | 6.9b | 0c | 0c | - |
| K. ohmeri DMKU-RP24 | 17.6 ± 6.9d | 16.7a | 10.1b | 0c | 0c | - |
| K. ohmeri DMKU-RP34 | 20.2 ± 0.5cd | 25.1a | 8.7b | 0c | 0c | - |
| K. ohmeri DMKU-RP44 | 23.3 ± 0.7cd | 23.2a | 8.6b | 2.3c | 0d | - |
| K. ohmeri DMKU-RP57 | 0f | 46.6a | 25.6b | 11.9c | 0d | - |
| K. ohmeri DMKU-RP233 | 22.1 ± 1.1cd | 23.3a | 5.8b | 0c | 0c | - |
| M. caribbica DMKU-RP07 | 6.4 ± 1.9e | 23.3a | 6.8b | 0c | 0d | - |
| M. caribbica DMKU-RP55 | 0f | 25.0a | 11.6b | 1.6c | 0d | - |
| M. guilliermondii DMKU-RP26 | 0f | 15.2a | 3.8b | 0c | 0c | - |
| T. indica DMKU-RP31 | 50.9 ± 0.5a | 46.6a | 28.1b | 11.1c | 0d | |
| T. indica DMKU-RP35 | 51.2 ± 1.2a | 46.6a | 24.7b | 5.9c | 0d | - |
| W. anomalus DMKU-RP04 | 41.1 ± 1.4b | 30.0a | 10.7b | 0c | 0c | - |
| W. anomalus DMKU-RP25 | 35.2 ± 2.5b | 30.0a | 20.0b | 5.6c | 0d | - |
| H. oryzae DOAC 2293 | ||||||
| M. caribbica DMKU-RP55 | 0d | 59.8a | 44.4b | 23.5c | 0d | - |
| T. indica DMKU-RP31 | 49.3 ± 0.5a | 64.1a | 47.3b | 25.8c | 0d | - |
| T. indica DMKU-RP35 | 31.5 ± 0.6b | 64.9a | 47.2b | 24.6c | 0d | - |
| W. anomalus DMKU-RP04 | 21.5 ± 0.4c | 48.5a | 37.9b | 23.8c | 0d | - |
| W. anomalus DMKU-RP25 | 49.3 ± 0.5a | 60.2a | 46.6b | 25.6c | 0d | - |
| R. solani DOAC 1406 | ||||||
| T. indica DMKU-RP31 | 94.1 ± 0.0a | 86.3a | 80.7b | 0c | 0c | - |
| T. indica DMKU-RP35 | 94.1 ± 0.0a | 85.4a | 80.3b | 0c | 0c | - |
| W. anomalus DMKU-RP25 | 94.1 ± 0.0a | 79.7a | 73.3b | 0c | 0c | - |
| P. oryzae | ||||||
| K. ohmeri DMKU-RP24 | 9.8 ± 1.0d | 36.0a | 10.6b | 0c | 0c | - |
| K. ohmeri DMKU-RP233 | 73.3 ± 1.1b | 27.8a | 13.8b | 0c | 0c | - |
| M. caribbica DMKU-RP55 | 8.1 ± 0.4d | 21.4a | 0b | 0b | 0b | - |
| M. guilliermondii DMKU-RP26 | 7.2 ± 0.7d | 33.3a | 10.3b | 0c | 0c | - |
| T. indica DMKU-RP31 | 91.9 ± 0.0a | 55.8a | 26.7b | 0c | 0c | - |
| T. indica DMKU-RP35 | 91.9 ± 0.0a | 55.3a | 26.7b | 0c | 0c | - |
| W. anomalus DMKU-RP25 | 52.2 ± 1.0c | 47.7a | 17.0b | 0c | 0c | - |
a Inhibition (%) = (diameter of control fungal colony - diameter of fungal colony grow with yeast/ diameter of control fungal colony) × 100; each value represents a mean “±” standard deviation (SD). In the same column, for each rice pathogenic fungus tested, data followed by the different lower-case letters are significantly different according to Duncan’s multiple range test at p ≤ 0.05. b Inhibition (%) = (radius of control fungal colony - radius of fungal colony grow with yeast/radius of control fungal colony) × 100; each value represents a mean “±” standard deviation (SD). In the same row, data followed by the different lower-case letters are significantly different according to Duncan’s multiple range test at p ≤ 0.05. c A: standard nutrient concentration (39 g/L PDA powder). d B: half of standard nutrient concentration (19.5 g/L PDA powder). e C: one-fourth of standard nutrient concentration (9.7 g/L PDA powder). f D: one-tenth of standard nutrient concentration (3.9 g/L PDA powder).