Impact of cheese matrix, single-strain cheese and Emmental cheese on colitis-induced body weight loss. (A) Time-course of mice body weight monitoring, and differences across groups. (B) Body weight loss observed at the 7th day of DSS colitis induction, and differences across groups. Groups were as follows. PBS: healthy group gavaged using PBS buffer as a sham. PBS-DSS: DSS-treated-colitis control group gavaged using PBS buffer as a sham. Cheese matrix-DSS: DSS-treated group gavaged using a germ-free dairy matrix. Single-strain cheese-DSS: DSS-treated group gavaged using an experimental single-strain cheese containing P. freudenreichii CIRM-BIA 129 as a sole bacterium. Emmental-DSS: DSS-treated group gavaged using an industrial Emmental cheese produced using P. freudenreichii CIRM-BIA 129 as a ripening starter. The data represent the mean ± SD of 18 mice per group. Multiple comparisons were performed, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 **** p < 0.0001.