Ck	multiplying factor
D	distribution factor
f	metal fraction in the powder bed
fl	metal liquid fraction in the mushy zone
gi	gravity acceleration components (m s−2)
h	height of the cylinder of laser heat application
ha	hatch spacing (mm)
H	enthalpy (J kg−1)
keff	effective thermal conductivity (W m−1 K−1)
kliq	thermal conductivity of the liquid metal (W m−1 K−1)
K	mushy zone permeability (m2)
p	pressure (Pa)
P	laser power (W)
PDAS	primary dendrite arm spacing (m)
rl	laser beam radius
Sv	volumetric heat source (J m3)
t	time (s)
teff	printing regime bed powder thickness (μm)
tnom	nominal powder bed thickness (μm)
Tliq	liquidus temperature (K)
Tsol	solidus temperature (K)
ui, uj	velocity components (m s−1)
v	scanning speed (m s−1)
x, y	coordinates in a frame relative to the laser beam (m)
xi, xj	coordinates (m)
α	laser absorptivity
β	fraction of the track surface contacting powder
η	laser efficiency
μ	viscosity (Pa s)
ρ	metal density (kg m−3)
ρp	part density (kg m−3)