Table 2.
Physical, psychosocial, environmental characteristics of the participants (n = 125).
| Figure | Variables | Categories | n (%) | Mean (SD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical | ADL (K-ADL [weighted]) | 17.28 (9.00) | ||
| Incontinence | Independent | 84 (67.2) | ||
| Partially dependent | 29 (23.2) | |||
| Totally dependent | 12 (9.6) | |||
| Pain | 3.47 (3.12) | |||
| Fatigue | 3.86 (2.96) | |||
| Psychosocial | Loneliness (RULS-4) | 10.78 (2.64) | ||
| Activity time (min) | Informal activity (individual/group) | 115 (92.0) | 143.76 (74.01) | |
| Formal activity | 94 (75.2) | 25.92 (17.60) | ||
| Environmental | Source of nighttime noise | Resident vocalization | 58 (46.4) | |
| Staff vocalization | 43 (34.4) | |||
| Bathroom | 13 (10.4) | |||
| Equipment | 7 (5.6) | |||
| Bell or alarm | 4 (3.2) | |||
| Television or radio | 3 (2.4) | |||
| Any source of noise | 66 (52.8) | |||
| Light at night | 47 (37.6) | |||
| Number of residents in a room | 3.06 (1.04) | |||
| Staffing level at night | 10.24 (3.11) |
ADL: activities of daily living; K-ADL: Korean Activities of Daily Living scale; RULS-4: 4-item Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale.