Table 4.
The correlation between PHI and access to healthcare 1.
| Ref. ID | Study Period | PHI Indicator | Type of Healthcare Utilised | Sample | Correlation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [56] | 2004 | Enrolment | Generic healthcare | Mixed | Neutral |
| [58] | 2008 | Enrolment | Generic healthcare | Mixed | Positive 2 |
| [57] | 2008 | Enrolment | Generic healthcare | Mixed/urban/rural | Positive/Neutral 3 |
| [60] | 2000, 2004 | Enrolment | Inpatient care | Mixed | Positive 4 |
| Preventative care | Positive | ||||
| [59] | 2007, 2008 | Enrolment | Inpatient care | Urban | Positive |
| Outpatient care | Neutral | ||||
| [61] | Enrolment | Inpatient care | Rural-to-urban migrants | Neutral | |
| 2007–2010 | Outpatient care | Neutral | |||
| Preventative care | Positive | ||||
| [66] | 2004, 2006, 2009 | Enrolment | Outpatient care | Rural | Negative |
| Preventative care | Positive | ||||
| [64] | 2011, 2013 | Enrolment | Outpatient care | Mixed | Positive/Neutral 5 |
| [62] | 2006–2010 | Provincial PHI premium income over GDP | Inpatient care (the average length of hospitalisation) | Mixed | Neutral |
| [63] | 2003 | Percentage of PHI enrolees in a county | Inpatient care (the number of admissions per 1000 in 52 weeks) | Rural | Neutral |
| Outpatient care (the number of visits per 1000 in 2 weeks) | Positive |
1 If unspecified, all comparisons are between enrolees and non-enrolees of PHI, and all presented positive or negative correlations passed the significance test, otherwise neutral correlation was reported. 2 Referring to the NCMS (New Cooperative Medical Scheme). 3 For the whole and the urban population, not for the rural population. 4 The positive relationship exists between 2000 and 2004 but disappears between 2006 and 2009. 5 Positive for PHI as primary health insurance only; no correlation for complementary PHI.