Impact of collection city, state and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) region on the overall soil metabolite profile. (a) Sampling sites. (b) Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), Bray–Curtis–Faith distance metric, with samples colored by NOAA climate region. (c) PCoA analysis, Bray–Curtis–Faith distance metric, with samples colored by state. (d,e) PCoA analysis, Bray–Curtis–Faith distance metric, with samples colored by city. (d) All samples. (e) Analysis restricted to the cities with 5 or more samples (Binger, McLoud, Norman and Oklahoma City, OK; Blue Springs, MO; Ladera Ranch, CA; Oak Ridge, TN; Wilmington, NC).