Table 3.
Process to purify MPLs and achieved purity (g MPLs/100 g dry product).
| Reference | Input | Technology Used | Purity | Recovery (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| [97] | BSP | SFE: CO2, 300 bar, 40 °C, DME | 12.9 → 75.7 (5.9-fold) | 69.1 |
| [97] | BSP | SFE: DME, 40 bar, 50 °C | 12.9 → 66.8 (5.2-fold) | 62.9 |
| [49] | WPPC | SFE: 350 bar, CO2, 20% ethanol, 60 °C | 2.2 → 26.3 (11.9-fold) | PS/PI lost |
| [49] | BMP | SFE: 550 bar, CO2, 15% ethanol, 60 °C | 2.0 → 16.9 (8.6-fold) | PS/PI lost |
| [50] | BMC | SFE: CO2 defat | 2.2 →7.8 (3.5-fold) | 100 |
| [50] | BMC | SFE: CO2 defat | 2.2 → 9.2 (4.2-fold) | 100 |
| [98] | BMC | SFE: CO2 defat | 9.6 → 19.7 (2.1-fold) | 100 |
| [38] | BMC | SFE: CO2 defat | 7.2 → 12.0 (1.7-fold) | 100 |
| [93] | BM | Solvent: BM (6:1 v/v) extraction | - | 87.5 |
| [93] | BM | Solvent: BM (12:1 v/v) extraction | - | 99.9 |
| [93] | BS | Solvent: BS (12:1 v/v) extraction | - | 7.6 |
| [42] | Whey BM | Proteolysis, UF/DF, 300 kDa, 40 °C | 0.3 → 8.6 (28.7-fold) | 95–99 |
| [42] | Whey BM | Proteolysis, UF/DF, 300 kDa, 40 °C | 0.4 → 11.4 (27.1-fold) | 95–99 |
| [42] | Whey BM | Proteolysis, UF/DF, 300 kDa, 40 °C | 0.5 → 14.0 (26.4-fold) | 95–99 |
| [96] | BMP | Proteolysis, UF/DF, 50 kDa, 50 °C | 1.3 → 11.1 (8.5-fold) | 100 |
| [34] | BMP | Proteolysis, UF/DF, 50 kDa, 50 °C | 0.8 → 6.2 (7.8-fold) | 100 |
| [102] | BM | MF, 0.2 µm | 1.5 | 67 |
| [98] | BM | MF, 0.8 µm | 9.6 | - |
| [32] | BM | MF/DF, 0.5 µm, 50 °C | 1.4 → 2.5 (1.8-fold) | 88.8 |
| [32] | BM | MF/DF, 0.5 µm, 50 °C | 1.4 → 4.1 (2.9-fold) | 89.7 |
| [50] | BMP | MF/DF, 0.45 µm, 9 °C | 1.2 → 2.2 (1.8-fold) | 60.87 |
| [50] | BMP | MF/DF, 0.45 µm, 9 °C | 1.5 → 2.2 (1.5-fold) | 87.34 |
| [50] | BMP | MF/DF, 0.45 µm, 9 °C | 0.5 → 0.9 (1.7-fold) | 90.12 |
| [50] | BMP | MF/DF, 0.45 µm, 9 °C | 0.3 → 0.7 (2.3-fold) | 80.24 |
| [35] | CWBM | UF, 0.15 µm cellulose acetate | 1.8 → 2.3 (1.3-fold) | 41.9 |
| [35] | CWBM | UF, 0.15 µm cellulose acetate, TA | 1.8 → 4.7 (2.7-fold) | 98.4 |
| [38] | CWBM | UF/DF, 10 kDa | 2.0 → 7.2 (3.6-fold) | - |
| [36] | CWBM | TA, wash at pH 7.25, UF/DF, 55 °C | 2.0 → 10.7 (5.4-fold) | >90 |
BM, buttermilk; BS, beta serum; BMP, BM powder; BSP, BS powder; CWBM, cheese whey BM; WPPC, whey protein phospholipid concentrate; BMC, BM concentrate; DME, dimethyl ether; SFE, supercritical fluid extraction; MF/UF/DF, micro/ultra/dia-filtration; TA, thermal aggregation.