Table 3. ICU-Level Therapies and Clinical Outcomes.*.
| ICU Therapies | Patients |
|---|---|
| Therapy — no./total no. (%) | |
| High-flow nasal cannula | 10/24 (42) |
| CPAP or noninvasive positive pressure | 0/24 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 18/24 (75) |
| Prone position | 5/18 (28) |
| Neuromuscular blockade | 7/18 (39) |
| Inhaled pulmonary vasodilators | 5/18 (28) |
| Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation | 0/24 |
| Vasopressors | 17/24 (71) |
| Echocardiogram completed | 9/24 (38) |
| Echocardiogram showing new left ventricular dysfunction | 0/9 |
| Characteristics of mechanical ventilation | |
| Moderate or thick and purulent secretions — no./total no.(%)† | 14/18 (77) |
| Day 1 median values | |
| Plateau pressure (IQR) — cm of water‡ | 25 (20–28) |
| Driving pressure (IQR) — cm of water‡ | 13 (11–17) |
| Highest Fio2 — median (IQR) | 0.9 (0.7–1.0) |
| Compliance (IQR) — ml/cm of water§ | 29 (25–36) |
| Day 2 median values | |
| Plateau pressure (IQR) — cm of water‡ | 24 (21–29) |
| Driving pressure (IQR) — cm of water‡ | 13 (12–17) |
| Highest Fio2 — median (IQR) | 0.7 (0.5–0.8) |
| Compliance (IQR) — ml/cm of water¶ | 26 (20–35) |
| Day 3 median values | |
| Plateau pressure (IQR) — cm of water‡ | 22 (19–28) |
| Driving pressure (IQR) — cm of water‡ | 12 (10–14) |
| Highest Fio2 (IQR) — median (IQR) | 0.6 (0.5–0.7) |
| Compliance (IQR) — ml/cm of water¶ | 37 (25–42) |
| Outcomes | |
| Median length of stay (IQR) — days | |
| In hospital | 12 (8–18) |
| In ICU | 9 (4–14) |
| In hospital, survivors | 17 (16–23) |
| In ICU, survivors | 14 (4–17) |
| Median duration of mechanical ventilation (IQR) — days | |
| Overall | 10 (7–12) |
| In patients who were extubated | 11 (7–12) |
| Extubated — no./total no. (%) | 6/18 (33) |
| Died in hospital — no. (%) | 12 (50) |
| Discharged from hospital — no. (%) | 5 (21) |
*
The driving pressure is the difference between plateau pressure and positive end expiratory pressure [PEEP]. CPAP denotes continuous positive airway pressure.
†
Moderate or thick and purulent secretions (as compared with no secretions or minimal or thin secretions) were those observed over the first 7 days of mechanical ventilation.
‡
Data were available for 13 of 18 patients who required invasive mechanical ventilation.
§
Data were available for 9 of 18 patients who required invasive mechanical ventilation.
¶
Data were available for 10 of 18 patients who required invasive mechanical ventilation.