| MMT | methadone maintenance treatment. |
| PCR | polymerase chain reaction. |
| OTUs | operational taxonomic units. |
| RDP | ribosomal database project. |
| ANOVA | analysis of variance. |
| ACE | abundance-based coverage estimator. |
| PCoA | principal coordinate analysis. |
| PCA | principal component analysis. |
| PERMANOVA | permutational multivariate analysis of variance. |
| LDA | linear discriminant analysis. |
| LEfSe | linear discriminant analysis effect size. |
| BMI | body mass index. |
| CD | compulsory detention (participants). |
| MP | MMT patients. |
| DU | drug users. |
| HC | healthy controls. |