Table 2.
Descriptive statistics of and relationships between HIV-related discrimination and psychosocial syndemics.
| Variable | All Participants (N = 291) |
Had HIV-Related Discrimination (n = 94) |
Did not Have HIV-Related Discrimination (n = 197) |
Independent Samples t-Test | Pearson Correlation Coefficients | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Skewness | Kurtosis | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | t-Value | Cohen’s d | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
| 1. Depression (1–6) | 2.41 | 0.90 | 0.79 | 1.34 | 2.70 (0.95) | 2.28 (0.84) | 3.81 ** | 0.47 | - | |||
| 2. Anxiety (1–6) | 2.57 | 0.87 | 0.37 | −0.06 | 2.76 (0.82) | 2.49 (0.88) | 2.50 * | 0.32 | 0.78 ** | - | ||
| 3. Social isolation (1–7) | 3.27 | 1.08 | 0.52 | 0.36 | 3.57 (1.14) | 3.12 (1.02) | 3.39 ** | 0.42 | 0.31 ** | 0.32 ** | - | |
| 4. Self-stigma (1–6) | 3.82 | 1.16 | −0.34 | −0.53 | 4.00 (1.19) | 3.74 (1.14) | 1.80 | 0.22 | 0.36 ** | 0.35 ** | 0.31 ** | - |
Higher scores indicate higher levels of psychosocial syndemic problems; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01; Cohen’s d ≈ 0.20 indicates a small effect size, ≈ 0.50 indicates a medium effect size, and ≈ 0.80 indicates a large effect size.