Table 1.
Summary of the products used in the study.
| Material, Abbreviation | Category | Resin Matrix | Main Fillers Type and Size | Filler Load (wt.%/vol.%) | Manufacturer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Filtek Z250XT (Z250) | Nanohybrid | Bis-GMA, UDMA, Bis-EMA, PEGDMA, TEGDMA |
Zirconia and silica (0.02–0.6 µm) | 78/68 | 3M ESPE, Dental Products, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA |
| IPS Empress-Direct (ED) | Nanohybrid | UDMA, Bis-GMA, TEGDMA | Barium glass, ytterbium trifluoride, and mixed oxides (0.5 µm) | 75/52 | Ivoclar Vivadent, Zurich, Switzerland |
| G-ænial (GA) | Microhybrid | UDMA, dimethacrylate co-monomers | Silica, strontium, lanthanoid fluoride, fumed silica (0.1–17 µm) | 76/50 | GC Dental Products, Tokyo, Japan |
| Vit-l-escence (VL) | Microhybrid | Bis-GMA, TEGDMA | Silica (0.7 µm) | 75/52 | Ultradent Products, South Jordan, Utah, USA |
| Ceram.X (CX) | Nanoceramic | Methacrylate-modified polysiloxane, polyurethane methacrylate, Bis-EMA, TEGDMA | Barium-aluminum borosilicate glass, methacrylate functionalized silicon dioxide (0.01–1.5 µm) | 77/59 | Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany |