Fig. 1.

Chitosan is required for the ability of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) J02 and J13 to reduce soft rot severity on radish slices. A filter paper disc assay for soft rot severity on radish slices. LAB strains were cultured in De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) medium for 5 days, diluted 400×, and mixed with 1% chitosan. Both LAB broth and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc) suspensions (10⁸ colony-forming unit/ml) (35 µl each) were applied onto a filter paper disc overlaid on radish and incubated at 30°C for 2 days. Pcc suspensions mixed with distilled water (DW), MRS medium, and DW + or MRS + 2% lactic acid (LA) were used as mock controls.