Table 1.
Combined data from Experiments 1 and 2 (wavelengths < 580 nm were filtered out, cross-over study; control group vs. electromagnetic field (EMF) of extremely low frequency group, n = 16 each): mean number of tail lifts, ratio of the number of tail lifts (test-day values divided by baseline values), and increase in number of tail lifts (test-day values minus baseline values; data shown are means ± SD per individual per day).
| Experiments 1 and 2 | Control Group * | EMF Group * | ||||
| No. of Tail Lifts | Ratio a | No. of Increase b | No. of Tail Lifts | Ratio a | No. of Increase b | |
| Pre-test baseline | 9.4 ± 14.6 | 1 | 0 | 9.8 ± 15.3 | 1 | 0 |
| Test-day values | ||||||
| Day 1 | 9.5 ± 14.4 | 1.0 | 0.1 ± 6.9 | 13.8 ± 20.7 | 1.4 | 4.0 ± 9.7 |
| Day 2 | 9.8 ± 20.7 | 1.0 | 0.4 ±10.5 | 11.7 ± 16.7 | 1.2 | 1.9 ± 13.8 |
| Day 3 | 9.1 ± 12.6 | 1.0 | −0.3 ± 11.5 | 10.6 ± 14.8 | 1.1 | 0.7 ± 14.8 |
| Day 4 | 9.0 ± 16.0 | 1.0 | −0.4 ± 15.0 | 11.4± 16.8 | 1.2 | 1.5 ± 17.7 |
| Day 5 | 12.4 ± 25.6 | 1.3 | 3.0 ± 23.7 | 9.9 ± 12.4 | 1.0 | 0.0 ± 10.6 |
| Days 1–5 combined | 10.0 ± 18.0 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 14.3 | 11.5 ± 16.1 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.6 ± 13.3 |
| Experiment 1 | Control Group * | EMF Group * | ||||
| No. of Tail Lifts | Ratio | No. of Increase | No. of Tail Lifts | Ratio | No. of Increase | |
| Pre-test baseline | 15.5 ± 18.5 | 1 | 0 | 16.5 ± 18.8 | 1 | 0 |
| Test-day values | ||||||
| Day 1 | 16.6 ± 18.0 | 1.1 | 1.1 ± 9.8 | 24.4 ± 25.1 | 1.5 | 7.9 ± 12.6 |
| Day 2 | 16.3 ± 28.4 | 1.0 | 0.7 ± 14.8 | 20.4 ± 20.4 | 1.2 | 3.9 ± 19.7 |
| Day 3 | 13.5 ± 16.3 | 0.9 | −2.0 ± 15.6 | 20.1 ± 15.9 | 1.2 | 3.7 ± 20.8 |
| Day 4 | 16.4 ± 20.5 | 1.1 | 0.8 ± 21.5 | 18.8 ± 21.3 | 1.1 | 2.3 ± 25.3 |
| Day 5 | 22.5 ± 34.1 | 1.5 | 7.0 ± 33.9 | 17.1 ± 14.0 | 1.0 | 0.7 ± 15.1 |
| Days 1–5 combined | 17.1 ± 23.3 | 1.1 ± 0. 2 | 1.5 ± 20.0 | 20.2 ± 18.9 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 3.7 ± 18.4 |
| Experiment 2 | Control Group * | EMF Group * | ||||
| No. of Tail Lifts | Ratio | No. of Increase | No. of Tail Lifts | Ratio | No. of Increase | |
| Pre-test baseline | 3.3 ± 3.5 | 1 | 0 | 3.2 ± 5.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Test-day values | ||||||
| Day 1 | 2.4 ± 1.6 | 0.7 | −0.9 ± 1.6 | 3.3 ± 5.4 | 1.0 | 0.0 ± 2.7 |
| Day 2 | 3.4 ± 3.7 | 1.0 | 0.1 ± 4.1 | 3.0 ± 3.2 | 0.9 | −0.2 ± 3.3 |
| Day 3 | 4.8 ± 5.7 | 1.4 | 1.5 ± 5.7 | 1.0 ± 1.9 | 0.3 | −2.2 ± 3.8 |
| Day 4 | 1.6 ± 2.8 | 0.5 | −1.7 ± 3.6 | 4.0 ± 4.9 | 1.3 | 0.8 ± 5.0 |
| Day 5 | 2.4 ± 2.4 | 0.7 | −0.9 ± 4.1 | 2.6 ± 3.4 | 0.8 | −0.6 ± 3.7 |
| Days 1–5 combined | 2.9 ± 3.5 | 0.9 ± 0.4 | −0.4 ± 3.7 | 2.8 ± 3.9 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | −0.4 ± 4.0 |
* Two datasets (that for EMF grouping, followed by control grouping, and that for control grouping, followed by EMF grouping) were combined and analyzed. a The ratio of test-day values divided by the baseline values. b The increase in the number of tail lifts = test-day values minus baseline values.