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. 2020 Mar 20;17(6):2058. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17062058

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(a) Surgical treatment of the upper airways (UA) achieves complete resolution of UA collapsibility, and the patient is cured independent of any other pathophysiological trait (PT) grade. (b) Surgical treatment of the UA significantly improves pharyngeal collapsibility up to a low grade of collapsibility. In this model, any complete resolution of apneic events or the persistence of OSA are caused by confounding PT. (c) Surgical treatment of the UA does not achieve any significant improvement of pharyngeal collapsibility, which remains of high grade, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) does not improve. Legend: PALM: Pcrit, AT: arousal threshold; LG: loop gain; UAG: upper airway gain; OSA: obstructive sleep apnea, PT: pathophysiological trait.