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. 2020 Mar 1;11(3):155. doi: 10.3390/insects11030155

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effect of sNPF treatments on oocyte size and 20E titers in hemolymph. (A) Effect of sNPF injection on oocyte size in adult females. Adult females were injected daily with 10 pmol sNPF (dissolved in 5 μL PBS), from day 1 to day 15 of the adult stage. Control insects were injected with 5 μL PBS into the hemolymph. (B) Effect of sNPF injections on ecdysteroid concentrations in the hemolymph. A total 10 pmol of sNPF (in 5 μL of PBS) was injected daily into the hemocoel of female adults from day 1 to day 15. Control insects were injected with 5 μL of PBS. Ecdysteroid level was measured by the EIA. Values are displayed as mean ± SEM (n = 25 individual/condition). ***: significantly different (p < 0.001) compared to the controls, using Tukey’s test.