| AHR | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor |
| Bcl-2 | B cell lymphoma-2 |
| Bcl-xL | B cell lymphoma-extra large |
| Bax | BCL2-associated X protein |
| CD44 | Cluster of differentiation 44 |
| CDK1 | Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 |
| CDK4 | Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 |
| CDKN1A | Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A |
| CDKN1B | Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B |
| COX-2 | Cyclooxygenase 2 |
| CREB1 | cAMP responsive element binding protein |
| DDIT3 | DNA-damage-inducible transcript 3 |
| DR4 | Death receptor 4 |
| DR5 | Death receptor 5 |
| EGFR | Epidermal cell growth factor receptor |
| EMT | Epithelial-mesenchymal transition |
| FOXO3a | Forkhead box class O 3a |
| FoxM1 | Forkhead box M1 |
| GBC | Gallbladder cancer |
| Gli-1 | Glioma-associated oncogene 1 |
| GSH | Glutathione |
| HCC | Hepatocellular carcinoma |
| IFGR | Insulin-like growth factors |
| IL-6 | Interleukin 6 |
| IL-B | Interleukin B |
| JNK | c-Jun N-terminal kinase |
| LCSC | Liver cancer stem cells |
| MAPK | Mitogen-activated protein kinases |
| MMP | Matrix metalloproteinase |
| MMP-1 | Matrix metalloproteinase 1 |
| MMP-2 | Matrix metalloproteinase 2 |
| MMP-9 | Matrix metalloproteinase 9 |
| MUC5AC | Mucin 5AC |
| NAC | Acetylcysteine |
| NDUFS4 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 4 |
| NF-κB | Nuclear factor kappa light-chain enhancer of activated B cells |
| OSCC | Oral squamous cell carcinoma |
| PARP | Poly ADP-ribose polymerase |
| PBMC | Peripheral blood mononuclear cell |
| PI3K | Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase |
| PKB | Protein kinase B |
| PLK1 | Polo-like kinase 1 |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| SCN1B | Cell adhesion molecule 1 |
| TIMP2 | TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2 |
| Twist1 | Twist basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor 1 |
| VEGFA | Vascular endothelial growth factor A |
| XIAP | X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein |
| ΔΨm | Mitochondria membrane potential |