Table 2.
Secondary outcomes—adjusted treatment effects (repeated measures analyses using data from all available timepoints, adjusted for age, sex and CKD category)
| Treatment effect (bicarbonate–placebo) (95% CI) | p | |
|---|---|---|
| Physical function and anthropometry | ||
| Six-min walk distance (m) | − 33 (− 62 to − 4) | 0.02 |
| Grip strength (kg) | − 1.5 (− 2.8 to − 0.2) | 0.03 |
| Weight (kg) | 0.2 (− 2.9 to 3.4) | 0.89 |
| Mid-arm muscle circumference (cm) | 0.0 (− 0.6 to 0.6) | 0.99 |
| Triceps skinfold thickness (mm) | − 1 (− 2 to 1) | 0.34 |
| Mid-thigh circumference (cm) | 0.1 (− 0.8 to 1.1) | 0.80 |
| Quality of life | ||
| EuroQoL EQ-5D-3L | − 0.04 (− 0.08 to 0.00) | 0.06 |
| EuroQoL EQ-5D visual analogue scale | − 3 (− 7 to 1) | 0.09 |
| KDQOL symptoms | − 1 (− 3 to 2) | 0.67 |
| KDQOL burden of disease | − 3 (− 8 to 2) | 0.20 |
| KDQOL effect of disease | − 2 (− 5 to 1) | 0.25 |
| KDQOL SF-36 physical component summary | − 1 (− 4 to 1) | 0.23 |
| KDQOL SF-36 mental component summary | − 2 (− 4 to 0) | 0.03 |
| Renal biochemistry | ||
| Serum bicarbonate (mmol/L) | 1.1 (0.6 to 1.6) | < 0.001 |
| Serum potassium (mmol/L) | 0.0 (− 0.1 to 0.1) | 0.80 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)* | 0.6 (− 0.8 to 2.0) | 0.39 |
| Serum creatinine (umol/L)* | − 8 (− 28 to 13) | 0.46 |
| Serum cystatin C (mg/L)* | − 0.01 (− 0.17 to 0.14) | 0.89 |
| Log [urinary albumin/creatinine ratio] | 0.32 (− 0.05 to 0.70) | 0.09 |
| Cardiometabolic risk | ||
| Log [NT-pro-BNP (pg/mL)] | 0.13 (− 0.18 to 0.44) | 0.42 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 0.1 (− 0.2 to 0.3) | 0.58 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 0 (− 4 to 3) | 0.93 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 1 (− 1 to 3) | 0.16 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 1 (− 1 to 4) | 0.38 |
| Bone and mineral metabolism | ||
| Log [TRACP-5b (IU/L)] | − 0.18 (− 0.43 to 0.08) | 0.17 |
| Log [Bs-ALP (μg/L)] | 0.01 (− 0.11 to 0.13) | 0.83 |
| Log [PTH (pmol/L)] | 0.03 (− 0.14 to 0.19) | 0.75 |
| Log [25OHD (nmol/L)] | − 0.08 (− 0.23 to 0.06) | 0.24 |
| 1,25OHD (pmol/L) (SD) | 3 (− 3 to 9) | 0.30 |
| Serum calcium (mmol/L) | 0.02 (0.00 to 0.04) | 0.11 |
| Serum phosphate (mmol/L) | 0.02 (− 0.03 to 0.06) | 0.52 |
| Other | ||
| Haemoglobin (g/L) | − 0.1 (− 0.4 to 0.2) | 0.48 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 0 (−1 to 1) | 0.67 |
| Log [TSH (mIU/L)] | 0.07 (− 0.10 to 0.24) | 0.39 |
*Repeated measures analyses using data from all available timepoints, adjusted for age and sex only
1,25OHD 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, 25OHD 25-hydroxyvitamin D, NT-pro-BNP N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide, Bs-ALP bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HbA1c glycosylated haemoglobin, KDQOL kidney disease quality of life, PTH parathyroid hormone, SF-36 Short-form 36 questionnaire, TRACP-5b tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b, TSH thyroid-stimulating hormone