Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients with and without clinical event
| No event (N = 197) | Event (N = 185) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 51 ± 16 | 57 ± 13 | .001 |
| Male (N, %) | 149 (75.6) | 136 (73.5) | .634 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 26.2 ± 5.0 | 24.8 ± 4.8 | .004 |
| Current smoker (N, %) | 41 (20.8) | 25 (13.5) | .059 |
| Coronary artery disease (N, %) | 50 (25.4) | 54 (29.2) | .403 |
| Hypertension (N, %) | 103 (52.3) | 82 (44.3) | .120 |
| Diabetes mellitus (N, %) | 50 (25.4) | 55 (29.7) | .341 |
| Dyslipidemia (N, %) | 90 (45.7) | 73 (39.5) | .219 |
| Renal dysfunction (N, %) | 41 (20.8) | 77 (41.6) | <.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation (N, %) | 55 (27.9) | 67 (36.2) | .082 |
| Cardiac electronic device implantation (N, %) | 10 (5.1) | 20 (10.8) | .037 |
| NYHA III/IV (N, %) | 143 (72.6) | 164 (88.6) | <.001 |
| SBP on admission (mm Hg) | 125 ± 22 | 117 ± 21 | <.001 |
| DBP on admission (mm Hg) | 76 ± 15 | 71 ± 13 | .001 |
| MAP on admission (mm Hg) | 93 ± 15 | 86 ± 14 | <.001 |
| Heart rate on admission (bpm) | 80 ± 19 | 78 ± 15 | .190 |
| Awake SO2 in supine position (%) | 96.8 ± 2.1 | 96.9 ± 2.0 | .977 |
| NT‐proBNP (pg/mL) | 1427.0 (529.0, 3216.0) | 4027.0 (1791.0, 9732.0) | <.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 147 ± 21 | 142 ± 22 | .019 |
| Sodium (μmol/L) | 138.8 ± 3.8 | 137.9 ± 3.7 | .019 |
| Potassium (μmol/L) | 3.9 ± 0.5 | 4.0 ± 0.5 | .126 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 83.9 (72.2, 97.5) | 96.5 (79.7, 120.2) | <.001 |
| eGFR (mL/Kg/1.73 m2) | 80.7 ± 27.4 | 67.1 ± 23.4 | <.001 |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 6.5 (5.2, 8.4) | 7.9 (6.3, 10.0) | <.001 |
| HbA1c (mmol/L) | 6.4 ± 1.0 | 6.6 ± 1.1 | .040 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.1 ± 1.0 | 3.9 ± 1.0 | .174 |
| LDL‐C (mmol/L) | 2.6 ± 0.8 | 2.5 ± 0.8 | .575 |
| LVEF (%) | 38.0 (29.0, 50.0) | 32.0 (25.0, 48.0) | .011 |
| SBP at discharge (mm Hg) | 113 ± 13 | 107 ± 14 | <.001 |
| DBP at discharge (mm Hg) | 68 ± 9 | 65 ± 11 | .038 |
| MAP at discharge (mm Hg) | 83 ± 9 | 80 ± 10 | .001 |
| Heart rate at discharge (bpm) | 71 ± 12 | 72 ± 10 | .655 |
| Medication at discharge | |||
| ACEIs/ARBs (N, %) | 148 (75.1) | 106 (57.3) | <.001 |
| β‐blockers (N, %) | 182 (92.4) | 168 (90.8) | .579 |
| Spironolactone (N, %) | 147 (74.6) | 143 (77.3) | .541 |
| Digoxin (N, %) | 109 (55.3) | 112 (60.5) | .303 |
| Diuretic (N, %) | 176 (89.3) | 178 (96.2) | .010 |
| Calcium channel blockers (N, %) | 15 (7.6) | 10 (5.4) | .383 |
| Statins (N, %) | 97 (49.2) | 75 (40.5) | .088 |
| Sleep study | |||
| AHI (/h) | 13.6 (5.7, 28.1) | 16.3 (7.2, 31.9) | .233 |
| Sleep apnea (N, %) | 90 (45.7) | 99 (53.5) | .126 |
| ODI (/h) | 18.4 (9.2, 32.9) | 19.6 (11.8, 33.3) | .264 |
| MeanSO2 (%) | 94.5 ± 2.5 | 93.9 ± 3.0 | .073 |
| MinSO2 (%) | 76.8 ± 11.4 | 74.5 ± 11.7 | .058 |
| T90% (%) | 2.1 (0.2, 12.6) | 5.5 (0.6, 22.6) | .008 |
Abbreviations: ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; AHI, apnea‐hypopnea index; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; LDL‐C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MAP, mean arterial blood pressure; meanSO2, mean oxygen saturation; minSO2, minimal oxygen saturation; NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York Heart Association; ODI, oxygen desaturation index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; T90%, the percentage of time with oxygen saturation below 90%.