Morales 1993.

Methods	Study design: 2 parallel arms, randomised, double‐blind. Method of randomisation: not reported. Exclusion post randomisation: not reported. Losses to follow up: three. Quality score = 3.
Participants	Country: Brazil. Setting: hospital. No: 54 entered, 3 drop outs. Age: (mean) 40 years in total patient sample. Sex: males 2; females 52. Inclusion criteria: oedema, varicosis, venous ulcers. Exclusion criteria: diabetes mellitus, oedema of other origin, peripheral arterial disease, diuretic medication.
Interventions	Treatment: 1 capsule HCSE (standardised to 50 mg escin) twice daily. Control: placebo. Duration: 20 days.
Outcomes	Primary: (not explicitly defined) oedema Secondary: (not explicitly defined) 1) leg pain 2) pruritus
Notes	Primary and secondary outcomes: Not enough data provided for effect size calculation.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Allocation concealment not reported
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	"This is a double blind randomised placebo controlled parallel study of the ise of dried horse chestnut extract (Venostasin retard) in chronic venous insufficiency of the limbs:"
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	It is unclear how incomplete outcome data were addressed
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	High risk	No evidence for selective reporting
Other bias	Unclear risk	No evidence of further biases