Curley 2005.

Methods	Parallel RCT of prone and supine positions
Participants	Included: 102 Intubated and ventilated paediatric participants (2 weeks to 18 years) with a PaO2/FiO2 of less than or equal to 300, bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and no clinical evidence of left atrial hypertension Excluded: less than 42 weeks postconceptual age, unable to tolerate a position change, respiratory failure due to cardiac disease, hypoxaemia without bilateral infiltrates, bone marrow or lung transplant, receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, a non‐pulmonary condition that was exacerbated by the prone position, participated in another trial within previous 30 days, decision to limit life support Median age: 2 years; median FiO2: 0.60; diagnosis: pneumonia 28, bronchiolitis with pneumonia 8, sepsis 7, aspiration 6, other 2 Setting: 7 paediatric ICUs, US
Interventions	Patients were placed in the prone position 20 hours/day while in the acute phase of their illness up to a maximum of 7 days; the median time in each position (acute phase) was 4 days in the prone group and 5 days in the supine group
Outcomes	OI; PaO2; PaCO2; tidal volume; minute ventilation; FiO2; PaO2/FiO2; PEEP; extubations; obstructed ETT; pressure ulcers; hypercapnia
Notes	Mortality was also reported at 28 days, however, as the intervention continued only up to a maximum of 7 days, we did not include these data in this review
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Randomisation performed using a permuted block design
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Serial numbered opaque sealed envelopes were used
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Data collection was not blinded but outcomes were not subjective
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Loss to follow‐up 1/102 because consent was withdrawn