Table 3.
Clinical trials with Aloe vera.
| Reference | Study Design | Number of Patients | Intervention | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Digestive Diseases Protection | ||||
| Anuradha et al. (2017) [21] India |
- | 74 | Group 1: Aloe vera juice (30 mL/twice daily) and Aloe vera gel (5 mg/3 times daily) for 3 months Group 2: intralesional injection of hydrocortisone (25 mg/mL) and hyaluronidase (1500 IU) weekly for 6 weeks with antioxidant supplements for 3 months |
Oral submucous fibrosis: ↓ Burning sensation ↑ Mouth opening, cheek flexibility, and tongue protrusion |
| Ashouri Moghaddam et al. (2017) [12] Iran |
Single-blind clinical trial | 20 | Group 1: Aloe vera gel Group 2: Placebo (distilled water) |
Chronic periodontitis: ↓ Gingival index ↓ Probing depth |
| Fallahi et al. (2016) [15] Iran |
Randomized double blind | 20 | Group 1: Aloe vera Group 2: Placebo |
↓ Swelling ↓ Postoperative pain |
| Gupta et al. (2014) [8] India |
Double blind randomized control trial | 300 | Group 1: Aloe vera mouthwash group Group 2: chlorhexidene group Group 3: Placebo |
↓ Plaque index and gingival index |
| Ipshita et al. (2018) [13] India |
- | 90 | Group 1: Placebo Group 2: 1% alendronate gel Group 3: Aloe vera gel |
Chronic periodontitis: ↑ defect depth reduction |
| Kalra et al. (2017) [16] India |
- | 48 | Group 1: Aloe vera gel Group 2: mineral trioxide aggregate |
Pulpotomy: Success rates was higher in mineral trioxide aggregate than in Aloe vera gel |
| Kurian et al. (2018) [14] India |
Randomized, single-center, longitudinal, triple-blinded, parallel arm y | 90 | Group 1: Placebo Group 2: 1% metformin gel Group 3: Aloe vera gel 6–12 months |
Chronic periodontitis: ↓ Pocket probing depth ↓ Clinical attachment level ↑ Bone fill and regeneration |
| Mansouri et al. (2016) [20] Iran |
Randomized controlled clinical trial | 64 | Group 1: Aloe vera solution (5 mL/two minutes wash, three times daily) Group 2: ordinary mouthwashes. 14 days |
Stomatitis: ↓ Chemotherapy-induced Stomatitis in patients with lymphoma and leukemia |
| Nimma et al. (2017) [17] India |
Cross-sectional randomized interventional study | 40 | Group 1: analgesics (7 days) and socket healing Group 2: Aloe vera gel (7 days) and socket healing |
Ulcers: ↓ Pain ↑ Healing |
| Panahi et al. (2015) [23] Iran |
Pilot, randomized controlled, open-label, trial | 79 | Group 1: Aloe vera syrup (10 mL/day) Group 2: omeprazole capsule (20 g/day) Group 3: Ranitidine tablet (150 mg twice daily). 4 weeks |
↓ Frequency symptoms gastroesophageal reflux disease |
| Prabhakar et al. (2015) [18] India |
Experimental, in vivo intergroup split mouth, randomized clinical trial | 10 | Group 1: Distilled water Group 2: Propolis extract Group 3: Aloe vera extract |
Antimicrobial: ↓ Bacterial counts Disinfection |
| Pradeep et al. (2016) [9] India |
Single center, randomized, longitudinal, triple masked, interventional study | 60 | Group 1: Placebo Group 2: Aloe vera gel |
Chronic periodontitis: ↓ Plaque index ↓ Modified sulcus bleeding index ↓ Probing depth ↑ Clinical attachment level Patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis |
| Rahmani et al. (2014) [27] Iran |
Prospective observational clinical trial | 60 | Cream of 0.5% Aloe vera juice powder (3 times daily) 6 weeks |
↓ Chronic anal fissure pain and hemorrhaging upon defection ↑ Wound healing |
| Sahebjamee et al. (2015) [19] Iran |
Triple-blind randomised and controlled interventional | 26 | Group 1: Aloe vera mouthwash Group 2: benzydamine mouthwash 0.15% |
Oral mucositis: ↓ Severity of radiation-induced mucositis in patients with head and neck cancers |
| Sahebnasagh et al. (2017) [25] Iran |
Double-blind placebo-controlled trial | 20 | Group 1: Aloe vera gel 3% Group 2: Placebo |
Proctitis: Improvement of diarrhea, fecal urgency, clinical presentation total, Radiation Therapy Oncology Group total and lifestyle |
| Singh et al. (2016) [22] India |
- | 40 | Group 1: Aloe vera gel (three times daily) + physiotherapy Group 2: Antioxidant capsules (twice daily) + physiotherapy 3 months |
Oral submucous fibrosis: ↓ Burning sensation ↑ Mouth opening, cheek flexibility, and tongue protrusion |
| Størsrud et al. (2015) [26] Sweden |
Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study | 68 | Group 1: Aloe vera extract (AVH200®) Group 2: Placebo 4 weeks |
Irritable bowel syndrome: ↓ severity of the gastrointestinal symptoms |
| Vangipuram et al. (2016) [10] India |
Randomized controlled trial | 390 | Group 1: Aloe vera mouth wash Group 2: Chlorhexidine (0.12%) mouth wash Group 3: Placebo |
Gingivitis: Aloe vera has equal effectiveness than chlorhexidine ↓ Plaque index and gingival index |
| Yeturu et al. (2016) [11] India |
Randomized single-center, single-blind, parallel group, controlled trial | 85 | Group 1: Aloe vera mouth wash Group 2: chlorine dioxide mouth wash Group 3: chlorhexidine mouth wash 10 mL of mouth rinse for 1 min, twice daily for 15 days |
↓ Mean plaque and gingival scores |
| Skin Protection | ||||
| Ahmadloo et al. (2017) [57] Iran |
Prospective randomized controlled clinical trial | 100 | Group 1: Aloe vera gel twice daily Group 2: control |
Dermatitis: No positive effect on prevalence or severity of radiation dermatitis |
| Avijgan et al. (2016) [48] Iran |
- | 60 | Group 1: Aloe vera gel twice daily Group 2: Conventional treatment 3 months |
Ulcers: wound healing |
| Burusapat et al. (2018) [53] Thailand |
Double-blind, randomized, controlled trial | 12 | Group 1: Aloe vera gel Group 2: Placebo |
↑ Split-thickness skin graft donor-site healing No pain relief |
| Hekmatpou et al. (2018) [50] Iran |
Triple-blind randomized clinical trial | 80 | Group 1: pure Aloe vera gel twice daily Group 2: Placebo (gel or water and starch) 10 days |
Ulcers: ↓ pressure ulcers |
| Hoopfer et al. (2015) [58] Canada |
Three-Arm Randomized Phase III Trial | 248 | Group 1: Aloe vera cream Group 2: Placebo |
No ↓ skin reaction severity in breast cancer radiation therapy |
| Irani and Varaie (2016) [51] Iran |
Randomized clinical trial | 30 | Burned area: nitrofurazone 2% Symmetry burned area: Aloe vera gel |
Burns: Earlier epithelialization and granulation tissue |
| Molazem et al. (2014) [52] Iran |
Prospective randomized double-blind clinical trial | 90 | Group 1: Aloe vera gel Group 2: dry gauze alone |
↑ Cesarean wound healing |
| Tanaka et al. (2015) [55] Japan |
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study | 58 | Group 1: Aloe sterol (5 tablets/daily) Group 2: Placebo 12 weeks |
↓ Facial wrinkles |
| Tanaka et al. (2016) [54] Japan |
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study | 48 | Group 1: Aloe sterol (5 tablets/daily) Group 2: Placebo 12 weeks |
↑ Skin elasticity in photodamaged skin |
| Tanaka et al. (2016) [54] Japan |
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study | 64 | Group 1: Aloe sterol-supplemented yogurt Group 2: Placebo |
↑ Gross elasticity, net elasticity, biological elasticity, skin fatigue area, collagen content |
| Anticancer Effects | ||||
| Damani et al. (2015) [86] USA |
Case report | 1 | Aloe vera eye drops 3 times daily | Ocular surface squamous neoplasia: Lesion regressed |
| Koo et al. (2019) [87] South Korea |
Randomized | 40 | Group 1: Aloe polysaccharide (600 mg/day) Group 2: Propolis (600 mg/day) Group 3: Aloe polysaccharide + propolis 4 weeks Group 4: Placebo |
Cancer: ↑ Urinary excretion of benzo(a)pyrene and cotinine ↓ Creatinine, glucose, and total bilirubin levels ↓ Risk of cancer associated with tobacco |
| Antidiabetic Effect | ||||
| Alinejad-Mofrad et al. (2015) [93] Iran |
Double blind randomized controlled trial Pre-diabetes |
72 | Group 1: Placebo Group 2: Aloe vera 300 mg/twice day (AL300) Group 3: Aloe vera 500 mg/twice day (AL500) 4 and 8 weeks |
Diabetes: ↓ Fasting blood glucose (AL300, 4 weeks) |
| Antioxidant Properties | ||||
| Prueksrisakul et al. (2015) [98] Thailand |
- | 53 |
Aloe vera gel extract daily 14 days |
Antioxidant: ↑ Plasma total antioxidant capacity |
| Cardioprotective Effect | ||||
| Alinejad-Mofrad et al. (2015) [93] Iran |
Double blind randomized controlled trial Pre-diabetes |
72 | Group 1: Placebo Group 2: Aloe vera 300 mg/twice day (AL300) Group 3: Aloe vera 500 mg/twice day (AL500) 4 and 8 weeks |
↓ HbA1C (AL300, 8 weeks) ↓ Total cholesterol (AL500, 8 weeks) ↓ LDL-C (AL500, 8 weeks) ↓ Triglyceride level (AL500, 4 weeks) |
| Antimicrobial and Prebiotic Activity | ||||
| Prueksrisakul et al. (2015) [98] Thailand |
- | 53 |
Aloe vera gel extract daily 14 days |
Antimicrobial: ↓ Lactobacillus spp. |