Comparison 1. Symptomatic UTI (confirmed by positive urine test).

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Symptomatic bacteruria	6	853	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.53 [0.24, 1.18]
2 Symptomatic bacteruria: Renal tract abnormalities	6		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
2.1 No renal tract abnormalities	4	456	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.24 [0.07, 0.89]
2.2 Renal tract abnormalities	2	397	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.54 [0.38, 6.20]
3 Sensitivity analysis: Symptomatic UTI including subjects unconfirmed by positive urine tests (for Lee 2006).	6	853	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.53 [0.24, 1.17]
4 Duration of therapy	6	853	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.53 [0.24, 1.18]
4.1 Short duration treatment (7 days or less)	4	411	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.30 [0.06, 1.56]
4.2 Longer duration treatment (greater than 7 days)	2	442	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.95 [0.72, 1.25]
5 Short duration treatment (7 days or less): Upper renal tract abnormalities	4	411	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.30 [0.06, 1.56]
5.1 No upper renal tract abnormalities	3	319	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.14 [0.05, 0.38]
5.2 Upper renal tract abnormalities	1	92	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	4.79 [0.58, 39.40]