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. 2019 Sep 8;16(5):946–955. doi: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1664144

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

Effects of autophagy induction by serum-free starvation on citrullination of intracellular VIM in synovial fibroblasts (SFs). Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) SFs were normally cultured or incubated in serum-free medium for the indicated times and their lysates were immunoblotted. Blots are representative of 4 independent experiments, respectively (A and C). Densitometric analysis of A and C. Autophagy activity and citrullinated VIM (cVIM) were evaluated by LC3-II:ACTB/β-actin and cVIM:ACTB ratio, respectively (B and D). RASFs and OASFs were normally cultured or incubated in serum medium for 2 h in the presence or absence of 5 mM 3-methyladenine (3-MA), an autophagy inhibitor, and their lysates were immunoblotted. Blots are representative of 4 independent experiments (E and G). Densitometric analysis of E and G (F and H). Values are presented as mean ± S.D. * = P < 0.05.