Figure 1.

(a) Cross-section diagram of the ISFET structure in unmodified CMOS technology emphasizing that both an ISFET sensor and a MOSFET can be incorporated on the same substrate (left) and an equivalent ISFET macromodel (right).⁴⁰ (b) System architecture (right) and a microphotograph (left) of the ISFET array fabricated in AMS 0.35 μm.³⁰ (c) Experimental setup for ion sensing including (1) the main PCB platform, (2) the FPGA, (3) the peristaltic pump, (4) the microchip mounted on a cartridge, and (5) the flow cell.