Table 4. Risk factors associated with isoniazid mono-resistant tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis at West Park Healthcare Centre in foreign born patients.

Risk factors	INH-R vs DS-TB			MDR vs DS-TB
	OR	(95% CI)	p-value	OR	(95% CI)	p-value
Age, years
Younger than 35 years	1.69	(0.54–5.26)	0.365	8.11	(1.43–45.7)	0.018
35–65 years	1.16	(0.44–3.06)	0.76	4.84	(0.94–24.7)	0.058
Older than 65 years	1.0	referencea	N/A	1.0	referencea	N/A
Gender
Sex, female	1.36	(0.65–2.88)	0.408	1.57	(0.71–3.47)	0.265
Birth country WHO region
African Region	0.46	(0.08–2.64)	0.384	0.45	(0.05–3.86)	0.468
Region of the Americas	1.0	referencea	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Eastern Mediterranean Regionb	0.90	(0.17–4.81)	0.909	1.0	referencea	N/A
European Region	N/A	N/A	N/A	4.29	(0.54–33.7)	0.166
South-East Asia Region	0.10	(0.01–0.73)	0.023	1.31	(0.25–6.95)	0.744
Western Pacific Region	1.50	(0.38–5.83)	0.558	1.97	(0.38–10.2)	0.415
Median month from arrival to TB diagnosisc
Less than 24 months	1.10	(0.34–3.52)	0.861	4.11	(1.21–13.9)	0.023
24–120 months	1.26	(0.53–3.00)	0.588	2.48	(0.83–7.35)	0.101
More than 120 months	1.0	referencea	N/A	1.0	referencea	N/A
TB risk factor
History of TB treatment	2.21	(0.73–6.15)	0.163	3.78	(1.58–9.05)	0.003
Diabetes	0.18	(0.04–0.81)	0.026	N/A	N/A	N/A
HIV infection	N/A	N/A	N/A	10.95	(1.90–62.9)	0.007
Distribution of TB
Only pulmonary TB	N/A	N/A	N/A	2.76	(0.92–8.19)	0.067
Pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB	N/A	N/A	N/A	0.70	(0.17–2.77)	0.617

Abbreviations: DS, drug susceptible; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; INH-R, isoniazid mono-resistance; MDR, multidrug resistant; N/A, not applicable; TB, tuberculosis; WHO, World Health Organization

^a Reference means the control group which all other groups are compared to

^b The reference group for this analysis was patients from the Eastern Mediterranean Region because no patients with MDR-TB were from the Region of the Americas

^c Three patients missing the date of arrival