Table 2.

Relative Risk Ratios of Multilevel Multinomial Regression Model for Typology of Parent-Child Ties

	Type 1	Type 2	Type 3	Type 4	Type 5	Type 6	Type 7
Variable	Detached	Not engaged- Harmonious	Not engaged- Conflicted	Low engaged helping- Ambivalent	Actively engaged- Conflicted	Actively helping- Ambivalent	Medium engaged- Harmonious
G1/G3’s characteristics
Upper generationa	1.26	3.47***	0.69	1.40	0.53	0.50**	(1.00)
Maleb	2.49**	1.46*	0.98	0.64*	1.06	0.71**	(1.00)
Years of education	0.97	1.03	0.91	1.01	0.92	1.02	(1.00)
Physical healthc	0.64**	0.90	0.74**	1.30	0.78*	1.02	(1.00)
Married or remarriedd	0.63	0.93	0.72	0.31***	0.32**	0.34***	(1.00)
Workinge	1.32	2.29***	1.14	0.90	1.16	0.77	(1.00)
Distance from G2f	1.71***	2.14***	1.18*	1.88***	0.52***	0.56***	(1.00)
Biological tie with G2g	0.22***	0.76	0.30***	1.38	0.95	1.38	(1.00)
G2’s characteristics
Maleb	0.99	1.85**	1.30	0.55*	0.86	0.67**	(1.00)
Age	0.99	1.01	0.95*	0.99	0.99	0 94***	(1.00)
Years of education	0.88	0.94	1.11	1.07	1.02	1.02	(1.00)
Physical healthc	1.05	0.90	0.92	1.02	0.90	0.99	(1.00)
Married or remarriedd	1.43	1.07	0.69	0.98	0.91	1.19	(1.00)
Workinge	0.44**	0.80	0.89	0.45*	0.69	0.82	(1.00)
Racial/ethnic minorityh	1.99*	0.90	0.79	1.16	0.58	1.05	(1.00)
Number of adult children	1.12	1.12	1.31**	0.92	0.87	1.04	(1.00)
Number of siblings	1.02	1.08*	0.96	1.06	1.02	0.95	(1.00)

Notes. Parent-child tie N = 2,252 (nested within 633 participants). G1 = upper generation (aging parents); G2 = middle generation (middle-aged participants); G3 = lower generation (grown offspring). Reference category = Type 7 (Medium engaged-Harmonious).

^a1 = upper generation (G1) and 0 = lower generation (G3).

^b1 = male and 0 = female.

^cRated from 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent).

^d1 = married or remarried and 0 = not married.

^e1 = working full- or part-time and 0 = not working.

^fLogged miles.

^g1 = biological parent or child and 0 = not biological (step, adopted, or other).

^h1 = racial/ethnic minority and 0 = non-Hispanic White.

^*p < .05.

^**p < .01.

^***p < .001.