Table 3.
Regression Models for Associations Between Parent-Child Ties Within Families and Psychological Well-Being
| Depressive symptoms |
Life satisfaction |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 1 |
Model 2 |
|||||||||
| Variable | B | (SE) | β | B | (SE) | β | B | (SE) | β | B | (SE) | β |
| Parent-child typology variabilitya | 0.32* | (0.14) | 0.08 | — | — | — | −0.66† | (0.38) | −0.06 | — | — | — |
| Having each type of parent-child tiesb | ||||||||||||
| Type 1 (Detached) | — | — | — | 0.09 | (0.06) | 0.05 | — | — | — | −0.30 † | (0.17) | −0.07 |
| Type 2 (Not engaged–Harmonious) | — | — | — | 0.03 | (0.05) | 0.02 | — | — | — | 0.14 | (0.13) | 0.04 |
| Type 3 (Not engaged–Conflicted) | — | — | — | 0.12† | (0.06) | 0.07 | — | — | — | −0.30 † | (0.17) | −0.07 |
| Type 4 (Low engaged helping–Ambivalent) | — | — | — | 0.10 | (0.07) | 0.06 | — | — | — | 0.01 | (0.17) | 0.00 |
| Type 5 (Actively engaged–Conflicted) | — | — | — | 0.14* | (0.07) | 0.08 | — | — | — | −0.58** | (0.18) | −0.12 |
| Type 6 (Actively helping–Ambivalent) | — | — | — | 0.04 | (0.05) | 0.03 | — | — | — | 0.01 | (0.14) | 0.00 |
| Type 7 (Medium engaged–Harmonious) | — | — | — | −0.02 | (0.05) | −0.02 | — | — | — | −0.03 | (0.14) | −0.01 |
| Controls | ||||||||||||
| Male c | −0.05 | (0.05) | −0.04 | −0.04 | (0.05) | −0.03 | −0.20 | (0.13) | −0.06 | −0.20 | (0.13) | −0.06 |
| Age | −0.00 | (0.01) | −0.03 | −0.00 | (0.01) | −0.02 | 0.02 | (0.01) | 0.05 | 0.02 | (0.01) | 0.05 |
| Years of education | −0.02 | (0.01) | −0.05 | −0.02 | (0.01) | −0.05 | 0.02 | (0.03) | 0.02 | 0.00 | (0.03) | 0.01 |
| Physical healthd | −0.14*** | (0.03) | −0.23 | −0.13*** | (0.03) | −0.22 | 0.50*** | (0.07) | 0.31 | 0.48*** | (0.07) | 0.30 |
| Married or remarried e | −0.27** | (0.06) | −0.19 | −0.27*** | (0.06) | −0.19 | 0.74*** | (0.15) | 0.20 | 0.72*** | (0.15) | 0.19 |
| Working f | −0.23** | (0.06) | −0.15 | −0.22*** | (0.06) | −0.14 | 0.18 | (0.16) | 0.05 | 0.15 | (0.16) | 0.04 |
| Racial/ethnic minority g | −0.16** | (0.06) | −0.12 | −0.16** | (0.06) | −0.12 | 0.37* | (0.15) | 0.10 | 0.36* | (0.15) | 0.10 |
| Adjusted R2 | .16 | .17 | .17 | .19 | ||||||||
Notes. Participant N = 633.
a
Entropy scores over seven types of parent-child ties (ranged 0 = no variability to 1 = complete variability).
b
l = having that type of parent-child ties within family and 0 = not having that type ofparent-child ties within family.
c
1 = male and 0 = female.
d
Rated from 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent).
e
l = married or remarried and 0 = not married.
f
l = working full- or part-time and 0 = not working.
g
l = racial/ethnic minority and 0 = non-Hispanic White.
†
p < .10.
*
p < .05.
**
p < .01.
***
p < .001.