Table 1.
Demographic and anthropometric characteristics of controls, jumpers and pitchers†
| Characteristic | Controls | Jumpers | Pitchers |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 15 | 16 | 16 |
| Demographics | |||
| Age (yr) | 22.1 ± 2.7P | 21.1 ± 2.1P | 26.8 ± 2.1CJ |
| Dominant leg (R/L) | 0/15 | 4/12 | 3/13 |
| Estimated age of adolescent growth spurt (yr) | 13.9 ± 1.9 | 13.8 ± 1.8 | 14.2 ± 1.4 |
| Age started competing (yr) | – | 13.6 ± 1.5P | 8.5 ± 2.5J |
| Years competing before adolescent growth spurt (yr) | – | 0.3 ± 2.1P | 5.6 ± 1.9J |
| Total years competing (yr) | – | 6.3 ± 2.7P | 18.1 ± 2.9J |
| Jumping sport (long:high jump) | – | 12:10‡ | – |
| Jump training per week (min) | – | 213 ± 126 | – |
| Jumps per week (n) | – | 72 ± 55 | – |
| Personal best: long jump (m) | – | 7.18 ± 0.57 | – |
| Personal best: high jump (m) | – | 2.06 ± 0.12 | – |
| Professional baseball games played (n) | – | – | 181 ± 89 |
| Professional baseball innings pitched (n) | – | – | 616 ± 334 |
| Whole-body anthropometry | |||
| Height (m) | 1.79 ± 0.07P | 1.83 ± 0.07P | 1.92 ± 0.05CJ |
| Mass (kg) | 67.7 ± 7.4JP | 78.3 ± 6.9CP | 94.4 ± 8.5CJ |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 21.1 ± 1.7JP | 23.5 ± 1.9CP | 25.5 ± 2.0CJ |
| Areal bone mineral density (g/cm2)# | 1.19 ± 0.09JP | 1.38 ± 0.9C | 1.32 ± 0.15C |
| Lean mass (kg)§ | 52.3 ± 5.1JP | 59.2 ± 5.1C | 63.5 ± 5.5C |
| Fat mass (%) | 16.2 ± 4.0P | 14.0 ± 2.0P | 21.2 ± 3.2CJ |
†
Data are mean ± SD, except for frequencies. Superscript capital letters indicate the data significantly differs from controls (C), jumpers (J) and pitchers (P)
‡
Six jumpers competed in both jumping sports
#
Values corrected for age and whole-body lean mass
§
Values corrected for age and height