Table 5.

MR analyses

Exposure	Outcome	Method	IV	β	SE	p value
Fasting GIPa	CAD	Wald ratio (2SMR)	rs1800437	0.51	0.165	0.002
Fasting GIPa	MI	Wald ratio (2SMR)	rs1800437	0.46	0.186	0.013
Fasting GIPb	CAD	Wald ratio (2SMR)	rs1800437	0.42	0.129	0.001
CADc	Fasting GIP	IVW	114 SNPs	−0.042	0.029	0.148
CADc	Fasting GIP	MR Egger	114 SNPs	−0.039	0.074	0.595

^aData from CARDIoGRAMplusC4D for CAD (n = 184,305; 60,801 cases, 123,504 controls) and myocardial infarction (n = 171,875; 43,676 cases, 128,199 controls)

^bData for CAD from UK Biobank (n = 296,525; 34,541 cases, 61,984 controls)

^cLoci from CARDiOGRAMplusC4D and UK Biobank were used for constructing the instrumental variable. The summary data for the outcome (fasting GIP) was acquired from the MDC-CC cohort. Out of 147 SNPs in CARDiOGRAMplusC4D and UK Biobank (ESM Table 1) with p < 5 × 10⁻⁸ and r² measure of linkage disequilibrium <0.2, 116 SNPs were selected with available information in MDC-CC (ESM Table 2). An additional two SNPs (rs472109, rs4754698) were removed from analysis for being palindromic with intermediate allele frequencies

IV, instrumental variable; MI, myocardial infarction