Figure 1.

Effects of LPS on TER and FD4 permeability in Caco-2 monolayers. Caco-2 cells grown on transwell inserts were treated with various concentrations (0.001 − 100 μg/ml) of LPS for 24 h. TER (A) and FD4 flux (B) across cell monolayers were measured. (C) The CCK-8 assay was used to detect the viability of cells infected with LPS (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, or 100 μg/ml). Data are presented as means ± SD from three independent experiments. Statistical analyzed using the unpaired t test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.