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. 2020 Apr 3;11:376. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00376

Figure 2.

Figure 2

The protective effects of FA on LPS-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction. (A) Caco-2 cells were incubated with FA (0 - 500 μM) for 48 h and then CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell viability. (B, C) Cells were pretreated with FA (25, 50, 100 μM) for 2 h and then stimulated with LPS for 24 h. TER and FD4 flux were measured to evaluate the paracellular permeability. (D, E) Caco-2 cells were pretreated with 100 μM FA for 2 h and then stimulated with LPS for 24 h. The mRNA and protein expression levels of occludin and ZO-1 were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. (F) Ultrastructure of TJs in Caco-2 monolayers cell was observed with a transmission electron microscope (black arrow indicated, Scale bar = 500 nm). Data were presented as means ± SD from three independent experiments and differences between means were compared using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.