TABLE 5.

Normalized expression levels of genes involved in the DNA damage response in leaf rosettes of hydroponically grown wild-type (WT) and smr4/5/7 mutant A. thaliana plants exposed to 5 μM CdSO₄ for 24 h or 72 h from day 19 after sowing.

Values represent the average ± S.E. of 5 biological replicates and are expressed relative to the average of the same genotype under control conditions at the same time point (set at 1.00). Significant Cd-induced upregulations and downregulations for both normalized and non-normalized data are highlighted in green and red, respectively (2-way ANOVA per exposure duration; P < 0.05). Direct SOG1 target genes according to Ogita et al. (2018) are underlined. ATG8H, autophagy 8H; BI1, Bax inhibitor 1; BRCA1, breast cancer susceptibility 1; CYC, cyclin; MC8, metacaspase 8; PARP, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase; SOG1, suppressor of gamma response 1; SAG, senescence-associated gene; WEE1, WEE1 kinase homolog; XRCC1, homolog of X-ray repair cross complementing 1.