Table 7.

The roles of ncRNAs in the aberrant activation of CD4⁺ T cells in SLE.

ncRNA	Function	Mechanism	Reference
miR-148a and miR-21	T cell hyperactivity	Targets DNMT1 to regulate CD70 and LFA-1	(94)
miR-29a	T cell hyperactivity	Targets Sp1 to regulate DNMT1, CD70, and CD11a	(95)
miR-126	T cell hyperactivity	Targets DNMT1 to regulate CD70 and CD11a	(96)
miR-142-3p/5p	T cell hyperactivity	Targets SAP, CD84, and IL-10	(97)
miR-26a and miR-101	T cell hyperactivity and non-Th1 effector T cell differentiation	Target EZH2 to regulate Th2-, Th17-, and Tfh-related genes	(1)
dsRNA-containing circRNAs	T cell activation	Inhibits PKR signaling	(99)
hsa_circ_0012919	T cell activation	Promotes the DNA demethylation of CD70 and CD11a and serves as the miR-125-3p sponge to regulate KLF13 and RANTES	(101)
circIBTK	T cell activation	Serves as the miR-29a sponge to regulate AKT signaling	(105)
LncRNA UCA1	T cell activation	Promotes AKT activation	(106)