Table 3. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for being stunted, micro and macrocephaly (Z score) according to tertiles of plant-based diet score among infants (n=290) .
| Variables | PDI | P for trend* | hPDI | P for trend | uPDI | P for trend | ||||||
| T1 (≤52.99) | T2 (53-57.99) | T3 (≥58) | T1 (≤51.99) | T2 (52-57.99) | T3 (≥58) | T1 (≤50.99) | T2 (51-58.99) | T3 (≥59) | ||||
| n = 91 | n = 109 | n = 90 | n = 88 | n = 113 | n = 89 | n = 99 | n = 96 | n = 95 | ||||
| Stunted at 2 months- (n=76) | ||||||||||||
| Crude | 1 | 1.34 (0.70-2.58) | 1.44 (0.73-2.82) | 0.29 | 1 | 0.64 (0.34-1.21) | 0.83 (0.43-1.60) | 0.57 | 1 | 0.93 (0.49-1.78) | 1.05 (0.56-1.99) | 0.86 |
| Model 1a | 1 | 1.74 (0.73-4.15) | 1.30 (0.50-3.39) | 0.59 | 1 | 0.74 (0.32-1.73) | 0.80 (0.33-1.93) | 0.64 | 1 | 0.97 (0.40-2.32) | 1.15 (0.45-2.94) | 0.76 |
| Model 2b | 1 | 1.37 (0.67-2.83) | 1.49 (0.65-3.42) | 0.34 | 1 | 0.57 (0.28-1.16) | 0.71 (0.33-1.50) | 0.40 | 1 | 1.11 (0.52-2.38) | 1.81 (0.77-4.28) | 0.16 |
| Stunted at 4 months- (n=76) | ||||||||||||
| Crude | 1 | 0.89 (0.45-1.77) | 2.05 (1.06-3.96) | 0.02 | 1 | 0.88 (0.46-1.68) | 1.10 (0.56-2.14) | 0.76 | 1 | 0.89 (0.45-1.77) | 2.05 (1.06-3.96) | 0.02 |
| Model 1a | 1 | 0.98 (0.42-2.26) | 2.23 (0.95-5.21) | 0.05 | 1 | 1.27 (0.57-2.80) | 1.27 (0.55-2.91) | 0.57 | 1 | 1.94 (0.83-4.54) | 2.86 (1.14-7.18) | 0.02 |
| Model 2b | 1 | 0.83 (0.39-1.78) | 2.02 (0.88-4.60) | 0.08 | 1 | 0.94 (0.45-1.94) | 1.05 (0.49-2.25) | 0.87 | 1 | 1.79 (0.81-3.96) | 3.27 (1.32-8.10) | 0.01 |
| Microcephaly at 2 months (n=11) | ||||||||||||
| Crude | 1 | 0.40 (0.07-2.27) | 1.27 (0.33-4.92) | 0.68 | 1 | 0.73 (0.15-3.92) | 1.68 (0.39-7.28) | 0.44 | 1 | 1.75 (0.40-7.56) | 1.04 (0.20-5.30) | 0.95 |
| Model 1a | 1 | 0.59 (0.09-3.67) | 1.72 (0.35-8.41) | 0.48 | 1 | 0.84 (0.14-4.89) | 1.32 (0.25-6.86) | 0.71 | 1 | 1.51 (0.29-7.85) | 1.27 (0.20-7.85) | 0.80 |
| Model 2b | 1 | 0.59 (0.07-4.55) | 0.96 (0.13-6.98) | 0.96 | 1 | 0.44 (0.04-4.22) | 1.02 (0.14-7.44) | 0.81 | 1 | 1.40 (0.18-10.45) | 0.70 (0.05-9.17) | 0.77 |
| Macrocephaly at 2 months- (n=19) | ||||||||||||
| Crude | 1 | 0.97 (0.31-3.003) | 1.01 (0.31-3.26) | 0.98 | 1 | 0.63 (0.18-2.14) | 1.35 (0.44-4.06) | 0.55 | 1 | 0.21 (0.04-1.01) | 0.92 (0.33-2.49) | 0.83 |
| Model 1a | 1 | 1.006 (0.26-3.76) | 1.19 (0.29-4.92) | 0.79 | 1 | 0.55 (0.13-2.26) | 1.22 (0.32-4.71) | 0.72 | 1 | 0.31 (0.05-1.76) | 1.10 (0.25-4.80) | 0.83 |
| Model 2b | 1 | 1.007 (0.22-4.43) | 0.93 (0.17-4.87) | 0.92 | 1 | 0.43 (0.09-1.98) | 1.63 (0.36-7.30) | 0.54 | 1 | 0.20 (0.02-1.42) | 086 (0.13-5.79) | 0.98 |
| Microcephaly at 4 months (n=15) | ||||||||||||
| Crude | 1 | 1.70 (0.41-7.03) | 2.09 (0.50-8.64) | 0.31 | 1 | 0.53 (0.16-1.74) | 0.40 (0.10-1.61) | 0.17 | 1 | 1.58 (0.43-5.79) | 1.31 (0.34-5.06) | 0.69 |
| Model 1a | 1 | 1.95 (0.44-8.61) | 2.05 (0.43-9.66) | 0.38 | 1 | 0.63 (0.18-2.22) | 0.36 (0.08-1.60) | 0.17 | 1 | 1.99 (0.47-8.39) | 2.16 (0.47-9.91) | 0.33 |
| Model 2b | 1 | 2.35 (0.43-8.88) | 2.06 (0.32-9.93) | 0.48 | 1 | 0.47 (0.11-2.00) | 0.35 (0.07-1.75) | 0.19 | 1 | 3.14 (0.56-9.82) | 2.48 (0.33-11.17) | 0.40 |
| Macrocephaly at 4 months (n=36) | ||||||||||||
| Crude | 1 | 1.92 (0.82-4.49) | 0.88 (0.32-2.41) | 0.84 | 1 | 1.10 (0.46-2.61) | 1.21 (0.49-2.97) | 0.66 | 1 | 0.62 (0.25-1.52) | 0.96 (0.42-2.17) | 0.91 |
| Model 1a | 1 | 2.21 (0.91-5.37) | 1.16 (0.40-3.38) | 0.70 | 1 | 0.91 (0.36-2.27) | 0.92 (0.34-2.44) | 0.87 | 1 | 0.52 (0.19-1.38) | 0.56 (0.20-1.59) | 0.30 |
| Model 2b | 1 | 2.46 (0.93-6.47) | 1.24 (0.38-4.04) | 0.69 | 1 | 0.77 (0.30-1.99) | 0.74 (0.26-2.14) | 0.60 | 1 | 0.49 (0.17-1.38) | 0.61 (0.19-1.99) | 0.44 |
PDI whole plant-based diet index; hPDI, healthful plant-based diet index; uPDI, unhealthful plant-based diet index.
* P value was calculated by logistic regression.
a Model 1: adjusted for birthday weight, age of mother, and energy intake of mother. Also, we added height at birth for stunting and head circumference at birth for micro- and macrocephaly.
b Model 2: model 1 + socioeconomic status, BMI and physical activity of mothers, the length and number of breastfeeding, mothers macronutrients intake and infants supplemental use.