Table 3.
Characterization of omeprazole studies in relation to toxicogenetic effect, oxidative damage, and cytotoxicity.
| Parameters | Clinical % (n = 80) | Nonclinical % | |
|---|---|---|---|
| In vitro (n = 46) | In vivo (n = 76) | ||
| Toxicogenetic effect | |||
| Mutagenicity | 5.3 | — | — |
| Interaction with catalase | — | 9.1 | — |
| Activation of AhR | — | 9.1 | 13.3 |
| Not reported | 94.7∗ | 81.8∗ | 86.7∗ |
| Oxidative damage | |||
| Oxidation of thiols | 10.4 | 18.2 | 20 |
| Inhibition of cysteine interaction | — | 9.1 | — |
| Interaction and oxidation of cysteine residues | — | 9.1 | — |
| ROS induction | 89.5∗ | 63.6∗ | 80∗ |
| Cytotoxicity | |||
| Oxidation of thiols | 50.5 | 18.2 | 20 |
| Oxidation of cysteine residues | 49.5∗ | 18.2 | - |
| ROS induction | — | 45.4∗ | 80∗ |
AhR: aryl hydrocarbon receptors; ROS: reactive oxygen species. Chi-square test ∗p < 0.05.