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. 2020 Feb 28;12(3):652. doi: 10.3390/nu12030652

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Exercise training (Ext) gradually upregulates glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and increases their stability. (A) GLUT4 protein expression was analyzed in a time-dependent manner at 0, 3, 6, 9, 14, and 28 days of exercise training (n = 6 muscles of rats per group). Values are means ± SE. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 versus day 0. # p < 0.01 versus day 3. ∫ p < 0.05 versus day 6. (B) GLUT4 protein expression was analyzed at 28 days of exercise training and after 5 days of de-training (DT) (n = 6 muscles of rats per group). Sed–Sedentary. Values are means ± SE. * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001. (C,D). PPARβ and PGC-1α expression were analyzed in a time-dependent manner at 0, 3, 6, 9, 14, 28 of exercise training and 5 days de-training (n = 6 muscles of rats per group). Values are means ± SE. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 versus day 0. All muscles were isolated 24 h after each training session. Significance was determined using one-way ANOVA.