Table 3.
Weighted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for scores on the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD) test, Animal Fluency test and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) across caffeinated coffee and decaffeinated coffee, NHANES 2011–2014 (N = 2513).
| CERAD Test | Animal Fluency Test | DSST | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/Participants | Model 1 1 | Model 2 1 | Model 3 1 | Case/Participants | Model 1 1 | Model 2 1 | Model 3 1 | Case/Participants | Model 1 1 | Model 2 1 | Model 3 1 | |
| Caffeinated coffee (g/day) | ||||||||||||
| 0 | 291/958 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 297/958 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 276/958 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) |
| 1 to <384.8 | 226/784 | 0.91(0.65–1.28) | 0.93(0.66–1.32) | 0.94(0.65–1.35) | 256/784 | 0.96(0.71–1.32) | 0.94(0.70–1.27) | 0.99(0.71–1.40) | 224/784 | 1.03(0.74–1.44) | 1.01(0.71–1.45) | 1.04(0.71–1.52) |
| ≥384.8 | 196/771 | 0.78(0.50–1.21) | 0.72(0.45–1.16) | 0.82(0.51–1.30) | 171/771 | 0.76(0.50–1.14) | 0.77(0.51–1.16) | 0.92(0.61–1.39) | 156/771 | 0.58(0.42–0.81) ** | 0.56(0.41–0.80) ** | 0.68(0.48–0.97) * |
| Decaffeinated coffee (g/day) | ||||||||||||
| 0 | 591/2094 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 593/2094 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 537/2094 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) |
| >0 | 122/419 | 0.92(0.43–1.96) | 1.02(0.45–2.33) | 1.45(0.75–2.80) | 131/419 | 0.99(0.50–1.95) | 0.92(0.45–1.87) | 1.09(0.54–2.13) | 119/419 | 1.32(0.63–2.77) | 1.31(0.60–2.86) | 1.84(0.68–3.17) |
1 Calculated using binary logistic regression; Reference (Ref.); Model 2 adjusted for age and gender; Model 3 adjusted for age and gender, race, educational level, marital status, income, body mass index (BMI), energy, drinking status, smoking status, hypertension, diabetes, and stroke. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01.