Table 3.
Frequency of occurrence and total and individual scores of gastrointestinal symptoms in the 2 and 24 h following consumption of the yogurt treatments in healthy adults (n = 45).
| Yogurt Formulation | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Y0 | Y3 | Y7 | Y13 | |
| Bloating | ||||
| No symptoms | 31 | 32 | 23 | 19 |
| More than usual | 13 | 11 | 13 | 16 |
| Much more than usual | 1 | 2 | 9 | 9 |
| Extremely more than usual | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Significance | - | ns | * | ** |
| Individual score | 0.33 ± 0.52 | 0.33 ± 0.56 | 0.69 ± 0.79 | 0.82 ± 0.83 |
| Nausea | ||||
| No symptoms | 42 | 43 | 42 | 45 |
| More than usual | 2 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| Much more than usual | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Extremely more than usual | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Significance | - | ns | ns | ns |
| Individual score | 0.09 ± 0.36 | 0.04 ± 0.21 | 0.07 ± 0.25 | 0.00 ± 0.00 |
| Flatulence | ||||
| No symptoms | 38 | 34 | 25 | 24 |
| More than usual | 7 | 9 | 14 | 14 |
| Much more than usual | 0 | 2 | 6 | 5 |
| Extremely more than usual | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Significance | - | ns | ** | ** |
| Individual score | 0.16 ± 0.37 | 0.29 ± 0.55 | 0.58 ± 0.72 | 0.67 ± 0.85 |
| Abdominal pain | ||||
| No symptoms | 41 | 38 | 38 | 32 |
| More than usual | 4 | 6 | 6 | 11 |
| Much more than usual | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Extremely more than usual | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Significance | - | ns | ns | * |
| Individual score | 0.09 ± 0.29 | 0.18 ± 0.44 | 0.18 ± 0.44 | 0.33 ± 0.56 |
| Diarrhea | ||||
| No symptoms | 41 | 42 | 39 | 38 |
| More than usual | 4 | 3 | 4 | 6 |
| Much more than usual | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
| Extremely more than usual | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Significance | - | ns | ns | ns |
| Individual score | 0.09 ± 0.37 | 0.07 ± 0.25 | 0.18 ± 0.49 | 0.18 ± 0.44 |
| Constipation | ||||
| No symptoms | 40 | 42 | 42 | 41 |
| More than usual | 5 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
| Much more than usual | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Extremely more than usual | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Significance | - | ns | ns | ns |
| Individual score | 0.11 ± 0.32 | 0.09 ± 0.36 | 0.09 ± 0.36 | 0.11 ± 0.38 |
| GI rumbling | ||||
| No symptoms | 39 | 37 | 34 | 28 |
| More than usual | 6 | 8 | 9 | 11 |
| Much more than usual | 0 | 0 | 2 | 6 |
| Extremely more than usual | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Significance | - | ns | ns | * |
| Individual score | 0.13 ± 0.34 | 0.18 ± 0.39 | 0.29 ± 0.55 | 0.51 ± 0.73 |
| Total score | 1.00 | 1.18 | 2.07 | 2.62 |
The results are expressed as frequency of occurrence of individual gastrointestinal symptoms. Differences between the occurrence of individual gastrointestinal symptoms for the different yogurt samples were analyzed using a Chi-square test comparing the frequencies reported for Y3, Y7, and Y13 to those reported for Y0. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; ns = not significant.