Table 1.
Participants’ baseline characteristics according to their allocation groups.
| Mean (SD) | Arm A Healthy Diet (HD) n = 31 |
Arm B HD + De Simone Formulation (Probiotics) n = 31 |
Arm C HD + Monoterpene AISA 5203-L n = 30 |
Arm D HD + Native®Argan Oil n = 33 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 70.5 | (4) | 69.7 | (3.9) | 70.0 | (3.8) | 71.4 | (3.9) |
| Gender: women, n (%) | 17 | (50) | 16 | (50) | 16 | (50) | 18 | (50) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.9 | (3.4) | 26.7 | (3.8) | 26,8 | (2,9) | 26.7 | (3.5) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 90.6 | (15.7) | 94.5 | (12.9) | 94.1 | (9.9) | 92.8 | (13.5) |
| Fat mass proportion (% body) | 32.4 | (7.1) | 32.4 | (6.1) | 33.7 | (6.4) | 32.9 | (6.3) |
| Function | ||||||||
| SPPB (0–12) | 11.2 | (1.8) | 11.3 | (1.2) | 11.7 | (0.7) | 11.3 | (1.2) |
| IADL (0–8) | 8.0 | (0) | 7.8 | (0.6) | 8.0 | (0) | 8.0 | (0) |
| Hand-grip strength (kg) | ||||||||
| Women | 20.4 | (4.9) | 21.3 | (3.7) | 21.3 | (4.9) | 22.2 | (7.5) |
| Men | 38.0 | (10.7) | 39.1 | (8.4) | 39.1 | (12.5) | 37.9 | (8.3) |
| MOS SF−36 (0–100) | ||||||||
| MCS | 53.5 | (7.6) | 53.6 | (6.6) | 49.4 | (8.3) | 52.4 | (6.5) |
| PCS | 54.6 | (9.9) | 55.0 | (8.4) | 56.4 | (6.7) | 54.8 | (6.8) |
| CES-D (0–60) | 6.7 | (6.7) | 6.7 | (5.4) | 10.7 | (10.2) | 8.1 | (7.7) |
| STAI state (20–80) | 35.7 | (11.4) | 35.6 | (10.1) | 38.2 | (11.6) | 38.4 | (10.1) |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 94.5 | (23.0) | 92.5 | (12.6) | 95.2 | (13.2) | 93.7 | (17.3) |
| Insulin (µU/mL) | 9.0 | (6.2) | 9.0 | (7.2) | 10.6 | (9.4) | 10.2 | (6.8) |
| HOMA-IR index | 2.3 | (1.9) | 2.2 | (2.1) | 2.2 | (1.1) | 2.6 | (2.4) |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 215 | (42) | 227 | (44) | 229 | (43) | 224 | (38) |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 120 | (64) | 112 | (48) | 110 | (54) | 109 | (48) |
| WBC (103/mmc) | 6.07 | (1.41) | 5.97 | (1.47) | 5.92 | (1.14) | 6.21 | (1.48) |
| hsCRP (mg/L) | 3.6 | (3.6) | 2.9 | (3.8) | 3.6 | (4.9) | 2.5 | (2.6) |
| ESR (mm/h) | 24.4 | (18.2) | 23.5 | (21.2) | 20.9 | (13.6) | 21.2 | (15.7) |
| Fibrinogen (mm/dL) | 377 | (96) | 394 | (104) | 379 | (105) | 359 | (92) |
| TNF-a (pg/mL) | 60.4 | (151.7) | 7.2 | (17.9) | 8.3 | (27.7) | 15.3 | (53.6) |
| IL−6 (pg/mL) | 39.9 | (73.0) | 12.3 | (10.0) | 30.1 | (67.4) | 18.9 | (23.5) |