Table 3.
Mean of the concentration expressed as mg/g of the ellagitannins found in seasoned woods of different botanical origin.
| Seasoning Time | Species | Monomers | Pentosylated Monomers | Dimers | Pentosylated Dimers | Total | % Monomers** | Ratio | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Castalagin | Vescalagin | Roburin E | Granidinin | Roburin A | Roburin D | Roburin B | Roburin C | |||||
| Oven (0%IH) | Alternative woods | |||||||||||
| Q. pyrenaica (F) [21] | 1.37 | 0.56 | 0.49 | 0.17 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 2.81 | 69 | 2.4 | |
| Castanea sativa (A) [21] | 1.73 | 1.87 | 1 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 4.74 | 76 | 0.9 | |
| Prunus avium (A) [21] | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.04 | 100 | - | |
| Traditional Quercus | ||||||||||||
| Q. petraea Matts. [21] | 0.9 | 0.39 | 0.39 | 0.12 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 1.98 | 65 | 2.3 | |
| Q. robur L. [21] | 1.43 | 0.85 | 0.77 | 0.36 | 0.09 | 0.18 | 0.09 | 0.16 | 3.93 | 58 | 1.7 | |
| Q. alba L. [21] | 0.41 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.88 | 64 | 2.7 | |
| Oven (12–14% IH) | Alternative woods | |||||||||||
| Q. humboldtti (A) [13] | 0.54 | 0.27 | 0.17 | 0.22 | 0.04* | 0.32 | 0.04* | 0.05 | 1.61 | 50 | 2 | |
| Traditional Quercus | ||||||||||||
| Q. petraea Matts. [13]*** | 9.94–7.46 | 11.76–6.64 | 3.29–2.32 | 1.98–1.88 | 2.00–1.36* | 4.68–3.86 | 2.00–1.36* | 0.30–0.28 | 33.86–23.89 | 64–59 | 1.1–0.8 | |
| Q. alba L. [13]*** | 1.36 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.36 | 0.18* | 0.84 | 0.18* | 0.2 | 4.13 | 55 | 1.5 | |
| Natural (NS) | Alternative woods | |||||||||||
| Castanea sativa (B) [22] | 20.0 | 43.2 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 4.5 | 3.3 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 76.3 | 83 | 0.5 | |
| Traditional Quercus | ||||||||||||
| Q. petraea Matts. [22] | 19.3 | 14.1 | 9.0 | 7.7 | 2.0 | 5.0 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 62.0 | 54 | 1.4 | |
| Natural (12 m) | Alternative woods | |||||||||||
| Q. pyrenaica (E) [33] | 7.48 | 2.89 | 3.21 | 3.52 | 0.72 | 0.62 | 0.63 | 0.68 | 19.75 | 53 | 2.6 | |
| Q. faginea (A) [33] | 9.67 | 6.66 | 4.64 | 4.13 | 0.2 | 0.48 | 0.64 | 0.55 | 26.97 | 61 | 1.5 | |
| Traditional Quercus | ||||||||||||
| Q. petraea Matts [33] | 6.97 | 1.84 | 2.51 | 0.75 | 0.43 | 0.35 | 0.31 | 0.82 | 13.98 | 63 | 3.8 | |
| Q. robur L. [33] | 9.37 | 6.88 | 6.13 | 2.12 | 1.51 | 0.69 | 0.48 | 1.27 | 28.45 | 57 | 1.4 | |
| Natural (24 m) | Alternative woods | |||||||||||
| Q. frainetto (A) [24] | 14 | 15.7 | 8.7 | 5.2 | 12.2 | 5.2 | 26 | 21 | 108 | 28 | 0.9 | |
| Q. stellata (A) [24] | 29.6 | 16.3 | 8.5 | 6.4 | 1.9 | 0 | 2.3 | 1.9 | 66.9 | 69 | 1.8 | |
| Q. oocarpa (A) [24] | 23.7 | 6.5 | 2.9 | 6.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39.3 | 77 | 3.6 | |
| Q. pyrenaica (G) [23] | 26.93 | 30.42 | 10.67 | 5.35 | ns | 4.53 | ns | ns | 77.9 | 74 | 0.9 | |
| Q. pyrenaica (G) [25] | 5.96 | 5.86 | 1.59 | 1.58 | 0.51 | 1.1 | 0.65 | 0.62 | 17.87 | 66 | 1 | |
| Q. pyrenaica (H) [23] | 19.48 | 10.88 | 7.49 | 7.35 | ns | 9.08 | ns | ns | 54.28 | 56 | 1.8 | |
| Castanea sativa (B) [24] | 17.4 | 22.6 | 0 | tr | 3.8 | 0 | tr | 0 | 43.8 | 91 | 0.8 | |
| Castanea sativa (B) [15] | 17.37 | 15.82 | 2.78 | 2.37 | 2.71 | 2.68 | ns | ns | 43.73 | 76 | 1.1 | |
| Castanea sativa (C) [25] | 6.71 | 20.3 | 2.91 | 0.34 | 0.6 | 0.13 | 0.33 | 0.04 | 31.36 | 86 | 0.3 | |
| Traditional Quercus | ||||||||||||
| Q. petraea Matts. [23,24] | 24.81–12.4 | 21.80–8.70 | 9.60–4.70 | 13.50–5.80 | 2.40–ns | 3.81–0.40 | 2.60–ns | 2.1–ns | 80.62–32.0 | 66–58 | 1.4–1.1 | |
| Q. robur L. [24] | 30.1 | 26.7 | 4.00 | 8.5 | 8.7 | 2.3 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 87.4 | 65 | 1.1 | |
| Q. alba L. [23,24] | 26.40–2.49 | 6.44–1.89 | 2.8–nd | tr–nd | tr–ns | 0–nd | tr–ns | tr–ns | 35.64–4.38 | 100–87 | 6.9–0.4 | |
| Natural (36 m) | Alternative Woods | |||||||||||
| Q. pyrenaica (E) [16] | 4.54 | 1.68 | 3.87 | 3.1 | 0.73 | 1.74 | 0.28 | 0.16 | 16.1 | 39 | 2.7 | |
| Q. faginea (A) [16] | 8.18 | 2.76 | 5.85 | 3.21 | 1.51 | 2.12 | 0.31 | 0.17 | 24.11 | 45 | 3 | |
| Traditional Quercus | ||||||||||||
| Q. petraea Matts. [16] | 12.50–3.43 | 7.96–1.85 | 7.98–2.74 | 4.83–1.81 | 2.43–0.50 | 2.58–1.07 | 0.32–0.15 | 0.21–nd | 38.8–11.6 | 53–46 | 1.9–1.6 | |
| Q. robur L. [16] | 6.68–6.11 | 5.00–4.62 | 5.26–3.51 | 3.69–2.03 | 1.27–1.09 | 2.52–1.02 | 0.26–0.18 | 0.24–0.14 | 24.9–18.7 | 47–57 | 1.3 | |
| Q. alba L. [16] | 2.86 | 1.14 | 1.75 | 1.05 | 0.23 | 0.84 | 0.12 | nd | 7.99 | 50 | 2.5 | |
Q. pyrenaica Willd. from: (E) Álava; (F) north-west of Spain; (G) Gerês forest of Portugal; (H) Guarda forest of Portugal. Castanea sativa Mill. from: (A) Lugo; (B) France; (C) Gerês forest of Portugal. Prunus avium from: (A) Lugo. Q. humboldtti Bonpl. from: (A) Colombia. Q. faginea Lam. from: (A) Álava. Q. frainetto Ten. from: (A) Hungary. Q. stellata Wangenh. from: (A) Missouri. Q. oocarpa Liebm. from: (A) Costa Rica. The number superscript in the second column is the reference. IH: Internal humidity; NS: non specific; ns: not study compound; m: months; tr: traces; nd: not detected; * A and B were evaluated together; ** % of the monomers in the total ellagitannins *** results given by these authors but with 30 months of natural seasoning.