Table 7.

Mean of the concentration expressed as µg/g of the low molecular weight phenolic compounds found in woods of different botanical origin after toasting.

Heat Treatment	Species	Seasoning Time (Months)	Acids						Aldehydes					Coumarins
			Ellagic	Gallic	Syringic	Vanillic	Ferulic	Total *	Coniferyl	Sinapic	Syringic	Vanillin	Total *	Scopoletin	Aesculetin	Total *
100 °C 45 min	Alternative woods	Nat (NS)
	Q. pyrenaica (I) [27]		1895	514.6	104.2	146.6	195.4	2856	11.4	26.8	20.4	14.2	73	ns	ns	2929
120—155 °C 25 min	Alternative woods	Nat (36 m)
	Castanea sativa (D) [30]		3277	2658.6	820.8	198.8	205	7160	212.8	822.8	119.2	109.4	1264	0.475	ns	8425
	Traditional Quercus
	Q. robur L. [30]		1384	163.6	115.8	66	175.6	1905	330.6	1078.2	129.6	32.8	1571	39.16	ns	3480
	Q. alba L. [30]		613.6	78	86.2	38.2	206.4	1022	300	1136.6	123.4	30.2	1590	154.01	ns	2628
150 °C 45 min	Alternative woods	Nat (NS)
	Q. pyrenaica (I) [27]		2522.4	413.2	91.4	97.6	183.6	3308	143.4	334	39.4	27	544	ns	ns	3852
160—170 °C 20 min	Alternative woods	Nat (24 m)
	Q. pyrenaica (G) [23]		3940	ns	ns	ns	ns	3940	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	3940
	Q. pyrenaica (H) [23]		20500	ns	ns	ns	ns	20500	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	20500
	Robinia p. (A) [17]		2.76	43	nd	nd	ns	46	69.5	57	19.8	8.29	155	ns	ns	201
	Traditional Quercus
	Q. petraea [23]		2600—4420	ns	ns	ns	ns	2600—4420	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	2600—4420
	Q. alba [23] v		3620—1900	ns	ns	ns	ns	3620—1900	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	3620—1900
160—170 °C 30 min	Alternative woods	Nat (24 m)
	Q. pyrenaica (G) [25]		420.27	88.91	2.00	1.82	2.99	515.99	15.72	26.79	33.55	14.89	91	ns	ns	607
	Castanea sativa (C) [25]		441.71	488.54	5.74	34.03	4.19	974.21	11.86	78.50	134.47	153.7	379	ns	ns	1353
Medium intensity	Alternative woods	NS
	Q. pyrenaica (I) [7]		613.75	180	27.5	16	ns	837	112.5	ns	13.75	ns**	126	ns	ns	964
	Robinia p. (A) [7]		6.13	nd	nd	nd	ns	6	nd	ns	nd	ns**	ns	ns	ns	6
	Prunus avium (B) [7]		90	nd	nd	nd	ns	90	nd	ns	nd	ns**	ns	ns	ns	90
	Traditional Quercus
	Q. petraea Matts. [7]		436.25	156.25	55	17.5	ns	665	177.5	ns	13.63	ns**	191	ns	ns	856
	Q. alba L. [7]		146.25	nd	103.75	41.25	ns	291	168.75	ns	nd	ns**	169	ns	ns	460
160—170 °C 35 min	Alternative woods	Nat (36 m)
	Q. pyrenaica (E) [3]		835	361	44.4	24.5	nd	1264.9	386	265	186	72.3	909	ns	1.6	2176
	Q. faginea (A) [3]		955	436	37	29.9	nd	1457.9	312	174	119	64.6	670	ns	4.9	2132
	Castanea sativa (B) [15]		1406	8211	51.2	28.8	28.9	9726	337	1219	264	163	1983	6.73	ns	11709
	Robinia p. (A) [17]		1.01	83.3	51.8	nd	ns	136	276	239	88.3	46	649	ns	ns	785
	Fraxinus americana L. [18]		nd	nd	61	71.6	17.2	150	588	672	260	245	1765	ns	ns	1915
	Fraxinus excelsior L. [18]		nd	nd	161	66.6	34.7	262	388	773	560	313	2034	ns	ns	2296
	Traditional Quercus
	Q. petraea Matts. [3]		916—729	450—196	48.5—29.5	30.1—22.4	nd	1418—977	545—392	342—281	189—136	91.8—56.8	1168—866	ns	4.2—1.97	2288—2147
	Q. robur L. [3]		1176—895	490—234	43.5—31.7	22.8—21.4	nd	1731—1184	424—327	212—252	154—138	67.2—57.9	881—751	ns	1.68—2.1	2483—2067
	Q. alba L. [3]		753	96	168	35.5	nd	1053	675	595	536	151	1957	ns	1.45	3011
160 °C 120 min	Alternative woods
	Castanea sativa (D) [31]	Nat (22 m)	315.42	3017.50	59.79	37.08	ns	3430	161.67	325.63	228.33	126.46	842	ns	ns	4272
	Robinia p. (B) [31]	Nat (25 m)	nd	126.04	nd	nd	ns	126	nd	24.38	nd	nd	24	ns	ns	150
	Prunus cereaus (A) [31]		88.96	nd	37.50	26.88	ns	153	41.25	155.63	38.54	56.67	292	ns	ns	445
	Traditional Quercus
	Q. robur L. [31]	Nat (32 m)	742.50	1804.17	33.33	38.13	ns	2618	19.17	50.21	18.54	19.17	107	ns	ns	2725
185 °C 20 min	Alternative woods	Nat (NS)
	Castanea sativa (I) [32]		ns	27451.67	193.33	nd	ns	27645	1340.00	1796.67	945.00	656.67	4738	ns	ns	32383
	Prunus avium (C) [32]		ns	nd	145.00	nd	ns	145	340.00	593.33	308.33	188.33	1430	ns	ns	1575
	Fagus sylvatica (A) [32]		ns	nd	111.67	nd	ns	112	333.33	358.33	168.33	173.33	1033	ns	ns	1145
	Fraxinus excelior (A) [32]		ns	nd	75.00	nd	ns	75	663.33	716.67	245.00	221.67	1847	ns	ns	1922
	Alnus glutinosa (A) [32]		ns	nd	228.33	276.67	ns	505	361.67	348.33	166.67	138.33	1015	ns	ns	1520
	Traditional Quercus
	Q. robur L. [32]		ns	1793.33	146.67	nd	ns	1940	818.33	1070.00	475.00	211.67	2575	ns	ns	4515
185 °C 45 min	Alternative woods	Nat (24 m)
	Castanea sativa (B) [15]		1801	2361	152	77.5	6.05	4398	328	1230	374	158	2090	16.7	ns	6504
	Robinia p. (A) [17]		nd	6.92	120	6.52	ns	133	300	1666	326	71.3	2363	ns	ns	2496
	Prunus avium [8]		nd	nd	79.9	9.9	ns	90	215	1637	289	41.9	2183	18.8	ns	2292
	Fraxinus Americana [18]		nd	nd	122	99.4	28.7	250	826	1196	461	329	2812	ns	ns	3062
	Fraxinus excelsior [18]		nd	nd	220	97.3	46.2	364	557	1358	902	404	3221	ns	ns	3585
185 °C 60 min	Alternative woods	Nat (NS)
	Castanea sativa (I) [32]		ns	22746.67	726.67	2490.00	ns	25963	1596.67	3828.33	2491.67	1401.67	9318	ns	ns	35282
	Prunus avium (C) [32]		ns	nd	258.33	208.33	ns	467	471.67	1336.67	790.00	313.33	2912	ns	ns	3378
	Fagus sylvatica (A) [32]		ns	nd	246.67	206.67	ns	453	618.33	781.67	368.33	321.67	2090	ns	ns	2543
	Fraxinus excelior (A) [32]		ns	nd	205.00	nd	ns	205	1010.00	985.00	481.67	396.67	2873	ns	ns	3078
	Alnus glutinosa (A) [32]		ns	nd	461.67	373.33	ns	835	626.67	743.33	296.67	283.33	1950	ns	ns	2785
	Traditional Quercus
	Q. robur L. [32]		ns	1731.67	435.00	340.00	ns	2507	1238.33	2596.67	1286.67	596.67	5718	ns	ns	8225
200 °C 140 min	Alternative woods	Oven (12—14% H)
	Q. humboldtti (A) [10]		552.5	78.27	33.84	21.06	ns	686	485.45	1181.6	110.9	ns**	1778	ns	ns	2464
	Traditional Quercus
	Q. petraea [10]	Nat (30 m)	1012.1—786.1	161.0—157.3	26.11—34.6	13.1—10.8	ns	1206—985	428.41—339.54	1162.0—867.4	78.68—70.9	ns**	1669—1278	ns	ns	2875—2263
	Q. alba [10]		641.7	69.87	19.82	13.86	ns	745	513.97	1007.98	86.23	ns**	1608	ns	ns	2353
200 °C 120 min	Alternative woods
	Castanea sativa (D) [31]	Nat (22 m)	368.75	2997.29	126.25	77.08	ns	3569	198.33	478.75	396.88	200.63	1275	ns	ns	4844
	Robinia p. (B) [31]	Nat (25 m)	nd	200.21	17.00	nd	ns	217	120.21	108.75	nd	8.54	238	ns	ns	455
	Prunus cereaus (A) [31]		nd	nd	63.54	38.75	ns	102	77.29	239.17	95.21	64.58	476	ns	ns	579
	Traditional Quercus
	Q. robur L. [31]	Nat (32 m)	680.83	1473.96	78.75	48.75	ns	2282	173.96	259.58	96.25	68.75	599	ns	ns	2881
240 °C 45 min	Alternative Woods	Nat (NS)
	Q. pyrenaica (I) [27]		3205	158.2	153.6	104.4	128.2	ns	269.4	862.6	109.8	31.2	1273	ns	ns	5022
240 °C 120 min	Alternative Woods
	Castanea sativa (D) [31]	Nat (22 m)	450.45	2469.17	306.04	137.29	ns	ns	215.83	736.46	773.75	305.21	2031	ns	ns	5394
	Robinia p. (B) [31]	Nat (25 m)	nd	148.54	28.13	nd	ns	ns	213.13	226.67	nd	14.17	454	ns	ns	631
	Prunus cereaus (A) [31]		nd	nd	194.79	70.21	ns	ns	115.00	619.79	460.00	117.71	1313	ns	ns	1578
	Traditional Quercus
	Q. robur L. [31]	Nat (32 m)	752.50	1199.58	171.88	93.96	ns	ns	264.79	559.58	248.75	128.13	1201	ns	ns	3419
250—260 °C 27 min	Alternative Woods	Nat (24 m)
	Q. pyrenaica (G) [23]		13750	ns	ns	ns	ns	13750	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	13750
	Q. pyrenaica (H) [23]		19770	ns	ns	ns	ns	19770	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	19770
	Traditional Quercus
	Q. petraea [23]		4400—4350	ns	ns	ns	ns	4400—4350	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	4400—4350
	Q. alba [23]		2460—2240	ns	ns	ns	ns	2460—2240	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	2460—2240

Q. pyrenaica Willd. from: (E) Álava; (G) Gerês forest of Portugal; (H) Guarda forest of Portugal; (I) Portugal. Castanea sativa Mill. from: (B) France; (C) Gerês forest of Portugal; (D) north of Portugal; (I) Asturias. Robinia pseudoacacia L. (A) and with 25 months (B). Prunus avium from: (B) from central France; (C) Asturias. Q. faginea Lam. from: (A) Álava. Prunus cereaus from: (A) central France (25 months). Fagus sylvatica L. from: (A) Asturias. Fraxinus excelior L. from: (A) Asturias. Alnus glutinosa L. from: (A) Asturias. Q. humboldtti Bonpl. from: (A) Colombia. The number superscript in the second column is the reference. Nat: Natural seasoning; NS: Nonspecific, m: months.