Table 1.

Active metabolites from glucosinolates and their roles in more frequent cancer types (AKT, protein kinase B; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog).

Active Metabolite	Type of Cancer	Function	Glucosinolate/ Crops or Species	Ref.
Sulforaphane (SFN)	Prostate Cancer	Tumor growth inhibition	Glucoraphanin/Broccoli	[47]
	Breast Cancer	Cell Cycle Inhibition; Sensitize resistant tumor cells to chemotherapy; tumor growth inhibition via CSCs self-renewal regulation		[48,49,50,51,52,53,54]
	Ovarian Cancer	Downregulation of CyclinD1; apoptosis induction by AKT and PI3K pathways modulation.		[55,56,57]
	Melanoma	Tumor growth inhibition via CSCs self-renewal regulation.		[58]
Erucin	Pancreatic tumor	Tumor growth and migration inhibition	Glucoerucin/Arugula (Eruca sativa)	[59]
	Hepatocellular carcinoma	Tumor growth inhibition		[60,61,62]
	Breast cancer	Inhibition of metastasis		[63]
Indole-3-carbinol	Colon cancer	Apoptosis induction	Glucobrassicin/ Broccoli, cabbage, kale, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower	[64,65,66,67,68]
	Hepatocellular carcinoma	Modulation of mi-RNA-21 expression		[69]
	Breast cancer	Growth inhibion of tumorspheres in vitro and of tumor xenografts in vivo; modulation of mi-RNA-34a expression.		[70,71,72]
	Prostate cancer	PTEN reactivation		[73]