Table 3.
Clinical trials which analysed the effects of OO, VOO and phenol-enriched VOO on post-prandial lipemia.
| Interventions | Duration | Trial Design | Participants (n and Health Status | Dose | OO Effects | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| - MD + OO - Low fat diet |
3 year | Parallel Randomized Controlled |
557, type 2 diabetes mellitus patients |
- | OO: ↓ post-prandial lipemia ↓ remnant cholesterol |
[76] |
| - Control meal - Control meal + butter - Control meal + OO |
Post-prandial | Cross-over Randomized Controlled |
12, type 2 diabetes and overweight patients |
100 g of butter 80 g of OO |
OO: ↓ plasma TAG ↓ TAG in CM |
[77] |
| - High CH diet - High MUFA diet (with OO) |
6 weeks | Cross-over Randomized Controlled |
12, type 2 diabetes mellitus |
High CH diet: 16.3 ± 7.6 g OO/d High MUFA diet: 55.6 ±4.2 g OO/d |
OO: ↓ TAG AUC |
[79] |
| - Test meal + high oleic sunflower oil - Test meal + VOO - Test meal + enriched VOO (oils were mixed with tomato sauce) |
Post-prandial | Cross-over Controlled |
10, normolipidemic subjects |
70 g of OOs | VOO: ↓ TAG AUC Enriched-VOO: ↓ TAG AUC |
[81] |
| - Control meal - Control meal + butter - Control meal + sunflower oil - Control meal + OO |
Post-prandial | Randomized Cross-over Controlled |
10, healthy men |
40 g of oils 40 g of butter |
OO: ↑ TAG in CM (2–4h after intervention) ↓ TAG in VLDL |
[78] |
| - Test meal + palm oil - Test meal + safflower oil - Test meal + mix of fish and safflower oils - Test meal + OO |
Post-prandial | Single-blind Randomized Cross-over Controlled |
10, Post-menopausal women |
40 g of oils | OO: ↑ apoB-48 ↓ TAG/apoB-48 |
[86] |
| - Test meal + ROO - Test meal + POO (oils were mixed with tomato sauce) |
1 week | Cross-over Randomized Controlled |
9, healthy young men |
70 g of oils | POO: No differences TAG AUC ↓ TRL particles ↑ TRL TAG after 2h intake ↓ TRL TAG after 4h intake ↑ particle size ↑ rapid depletion of TAG in particles |
[82] |
| - Control meal - Control meal + VOO - Control meal + high oleic sunflower oil (oils were mixed with tomato sauce) |
Post-prandial | Randomized Cross-over Double-blind Controlled |
8, normolipidemic men |
70 g of OOs | VOO ↓ TAG TRL AUC |
[80] |
| - Control meal - Control meal + VOO - Control meal + high oleic sunflower oil (oils were mixed with tomato sauce) |
Post-prandial | Randomized Controlled Cross-over |
8, normolipidemic men |
70 g of oils | VOO: ↑ oleic acid and n-3 PUFA in CM phospholipid |
[87] |
apo: apolipoprotein; AUC: area under curve; CH: carbohydrate; CM: chylomicrons; MUFA: monounsaturated fatty acids; OO: olive oil; POO: pomace olive oil; PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acids; ROO: refined olive oil; TAG: tryglicerides; TRL: trygliceride-rich lipoprotein; VOO: virgin olive oil.