Table 2.
Characteristics of the included studies.
| Authors (year) | Country applied | Sample size | Name of database | Degree of exposure to the narrative (eg, length of stay on a website) |
| Aardoom et al [26] (2014) | Netherlands | 311 | Proud2Bme | Mean time in months since first website visit: 19.8. Participants indicating to visit the website every day to several times a day: 189/247 (76.5%) |
| Allam et al [27] (2015) | Switzerland | 157 | ONESELF | Mean visits to the website: 53.68 (SD 93.07) |
| Betsch et al [14] (2011) | Germany | 385 (study 1: 72; study 2: 313) | Online bulletin board | NRa (paper-and-pencil version of an online bulletin board) |
| Betsch et al [15] (2013) | Germany | 458 | Simulated website similar to the website patientslikeme | Mean time in minutes to complete the study: 9.94 (SD 3.49) |
| Brunette et al [28] (2015) | United States | 39 | Let’s Talk About Smoking | NR |
| Engler et al [18] (2016) | Germany | 23 | DIPExb | NR |
| Giesler et al [29] (2017) | Germany | 212 | DIPEx | Mean time in minutes on the intervention website: 42.21 (SD 45.64, median 26) |
| Newman et al [30] (2009) | United Kingdom | 37 | DIPEx | NR (paper-and-pencil survey) |
| Shaffer et al [31] (2013) | United States | 302 | Web decision aid | Mean time in minutes on the intervention website: 5.38 (SD 2.37); mean time in minutes on the control website: 4.92 (SD 2.03) |
| Shaffer et al [32] (2013b) | United States | 56 | Web decision aid | Mean time in seconds on different pages with text narratives: 5.00-67.28; mean time in seconds on different pages with video narratives: 15.11-117.19 |
| Shaffer et al [33] (2014) | United States | 200 | Web decision aid | Length of narrative video: approximately 1 hour |
| Schweier et al [34] (2014) | Germany | 571 | lebensstil-aendern | Website usage in the intervention group: 46.1% (119/258); website usage in the control group: 7.0% (22/313) |
| Snow et al [35] (2016) | United Kingdom | 88 | DIPEx | Expected time to complete the module: 20 min. No time limits were set. Participants could watch the videos multiple times |
| Sullivan et al [36] (2018) | United States | 2125 (study on acid reflux: 1070; study on high blood pressure: 1055) | Simulated prescription drug websites | All participants were exposed to the video. Participants that viewed the entire video: 94.86% (1015/1070) (acid reflux) and 98.66% (1041/1055) (high blood pressure). Participants that replayed the video: 7.5% (acid reflux) and 6.8% (high blood pressure) |
| Winterbottom et al [37] (2012) | United Kingdom | 1694 (study 1: 578; study 2: 1116) | Web decision aid | NR |
| Wise et al [38] (2008) | United States | 353 | Comprehensive Health Enhancement Support System | No directives for the frequency of website use was given. Access to the website was given for four months. |
| Yaphe et al [39] (2000) | United Kingdom | 309 | DIPEx | NR |
aNot reported.
bDIPEx: Database of Individual Patients’ Experiences.