Table 2.
The characteristics of microelements’ concentrations in the AGA and LGA group in the whole group and in subgroups.
| Controls (AGA Group) * | Cases (LGA Group) * | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Microelements (µg/L) ** | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | p *** |
| Whole group (N = 330) | n = 264 | n = 66 | |
| Selenium (Se) | 62.20 (9.37) | 59.79 (6.48) | 0.036 |
| Zinc (Zn) | 628.46 (196.27) | 616.78 (83.75) | 0.880 |
| Copper (Cu) | 1786.18 (341.92) | 1741.92 (302.37) | 0.479 |
| Iron (Fe) | 1007.46 (346.43) | 976.88 (293.86) | 0.735 |
| Women with the normal BMI (N = 145) | n = 118 | n = 27 | |
| Selenium (Se) | 63.80 (7.06) | 60.01 (6.55) | 0.006 |
| Zinc (Zn) | 613.72 (89.85) | 603.43 (80.52) | 0.436 |
| Copper (cu) | 1676.94 (256.62) | 1668.03 (258.96) | 0.933 |
| Iron (Fe) | 1038.41 (336.96) | 1008.84 (317.62) | 0.694 |
| Normal BMI without GDM (N = 113) | n = 94 | n = 19 | |
| Selenium (Se) | 63.38 (6.65) | 59.90 (7.05) | 0.011 |
| Zinc (Zn) | 608.59 (86.63) | 611.02 (84.44) | 0.911 |
| Copper (Cu) | 1658.33 (245.93) | 1655.25 (289.50) | 0.962 |
| Iron (Fe) | 1033.39 (339.41) | 1024.61 (324.65) | 0.918 |
| Women with a male fetus (N = 176) | n = 139 | n = 37 | |
| Selenium (Se) | 63.12 (9.37) | 59.52 (6.91) | 0.012 |
| Zinc (Zn) | 623.01 (110.99) | 626.42 (88.28) | 0.719 |
| Copper (Cu) | 1764.86 (359.34) | 1776.44 (280.27) | 0.594 |
| Iron (Fe) | 1035.23 (350.76) | 970.93 (333.42) | 0.424 |
* AGA: appropriate-for-gestational age birth weight (10–90th percentile), LGA: large-for-gestational age birth weight (>90th percentile); ** Microelements were measured in maternal serum from the 10–14th gestational week; *** The Mann–Whitney U test was used and medians were compared (p-value < 0.05 was considered to be significant); Normal pre-pregnancy BMI: body mass index 18.5–24.99 kg/m2; GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus.