Figure 5.

Disruption of gut microbiota following rapid depletion of VB2 in mice fed VB- diet for a short period. (A,C) Study design for Experiments 6 and 7. Mice were switched from the control diet to the VB- diet after treatment with antibiotics or the vehicle as a control. Urine or plasma samples were obtained over the indicated time period. (B) Time-dependent changes in creatinine-adjusted urinary GA concentration (white and black circles indicate the control and antibiotics-treated mice, respectively) or urinary VB2 concentration (white triangle in the control group). (D) Relative concentration of GA in plasma at different time points. Repeated measured ANOVA was used to determine the differences in each group (n = 3). * indicates p < 0.05. Two-way ANOVA was used to determine the effect of time, antibiotics, and the interaction of the two.