Table 2.
Contribution (%) of polyphenol subclasses to total polyphenol intake and food sources.
| Polyphenol Subclasses | Contribution, Mean (mg/d) ± SD, (%) | Polyphenol Contribution as Aglycones, Mean (mg/d) ± SD, (%) | Food Sources (% of Contribution) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total polyphenols | 846 ± 318 | 620.9 ± 273.5 | |
| Flavonoids | 491 ± 253, (58.0) | 406.3 ± 237.2 (65.44) | |
|
43.5 ± 37.8, (5.14) | 24.7 ± 21.7 (3.98) | Cherries (42.2), red wine (24.1), olives (10.5), strawberries (10.1), grape (9.30), other foods (3.8) |
|
0.009 ± 0.18, (<0.01) | 0.006 ± 0.01 (<0.01) | Beer (100) |
|
1.72 ± 1.59, (0.20) | 0.98 ± 0.91 (0.16) | Apples (93.2), fruit juices from concentrate (6.77) |
|
2.62 ± 4.92, (0.31) | 1.81 ± 3.43 (0.29) | Red wine (97.6), white wine (1.80), rosé wine (0.59) |
|
28.1 ± 22.4, (3.32) | 27.1 ± 20.7 (4.36) | Tea (23.0), red wine (19.2), apples (18.6), chocolate (11.6), peaches (6.0), cocoa powder (3.18), fruit juices from concentrate (2.83), other foods (15.6) |
|
204± 185, (24.1) | 200.7 ± 189.4 (32.32) | Chocolate (42.7), apples (20.4), plums (9.53), red wine (7.09), cocoa powder (5.68), strawberries (4.20), other foods (10.4) |
|
0.70 ± 1.81, (0.08) | 0.57 ± 1.46 (0.09) | Tea (100) |
|
83.2 ± 76.6, (9.83) | 58.1 ± 55.0 (9.35) | Oranges (71.3), natural orange juice (23.0), fruit juices from concentrate (3.22), other foods (2.09) |
|
73.2 ± 47.4, (8.65) | 54.7 ± 32.9 (8.81) | Whole-grain bread (30.0), bread (23.6), oranges (21.6), natural orange juice (8.53), artichoke (3.80), other foods (12.5). |
|
54.0 ± 22.3, (6.40) | 35.6 ± 15.3 (5.73) | Onions (27.8), spinach (26.7), lettuce (11.9), red wine (6.02), olives (5.10), asparagus (4.93), other foods (17.55) |
|
0.002 ± 0.004, (<0.01) | 0.002 ± 0.003 (<0.01) | Beer (100) |
| Phenolic acids | 280 ± 131, (33.1) | 164.2 ± 70.8 (26.44) | |
|
15.5 ± 10.3, (1.83) | 20.5 ± 12.4 (3.30) | Red wine (21.2), olives (19.9), walnuts (18.1), tea (9.46), swiss chard leaves (6.15), white wine (1.34), other foods (23.8) |
|
264 ± 129, (30.9) | 141.6 ± 66.8 (22.80) | Decaffeinated coffee (37.7), coffee (26.1), plums (5.66), potatoes (5.50), olives (4.21), red wine (1.79), other foods (19.0) |
|
0.90 ± 1.04, (0.10) | 1.16 ± 1.40 (0.19) | Olives (87.2), red wine (6.57), beer (3.86), extra virgin olive oil (1.52), white wine (0.65) |
|
0.48 ± 0.65, (0.06) | 0.91 ± 1.23 (0.14) | Olives (100) |
| Stilbenes | 2.13 ± 3.92, (0.25) | 1.78 ± 3.19 (0.29) | Red wine (91.9), white wine (3.94), grapes (1.60), rosé wine (1.21), other foods (0.07) |
| Lignans | 1.53 ± 0.56, (0.18) | 1.33 ± 0.55 (0.21) | Extra virgin olive oil (16.7), seeds (9.84), oranges (9.73), green bean (5.42), pepper (5.32), peaches (4.97), broccoli (4.71), bread (4.48), red wine (4.16), cabbage (2.77), other foods (31.9) |
| Other polyphenols | 70.8 ± 41.5, (8.37) | 45.6 ± 27.8 (7.34) | |
|
0.93 ± 0.87, (0.11) | 0.93 ± 0.87 (0.15) | Decaffeinated coffee (74.1), coffee (16.2), beers (9.77) |
|
13.7 ± 17.8, (1.62) | 13.8 ± 18.5 (2.23) | Whole-grain bread (69.1), whole-grain pastries (14.8), breakfast cereals (8.40), pasta (3.29), other foods (4.41) |
|
0.37 ± 0.38, (0.04) | 0.37 ± 0.39 (0.06) | Celery stalks (98.3), grapefruit juice (1.7) |
|
0.42 ± 0.65, (0.05) | 0.42 ± 0.66 (<0.01) | Red wine (78.9), walnuts (14.5), beer (2.61), white wine (1.95), other foods (2.04) |
|
0.002 ± 0.004, (<0.01) | 0.002 ± 0.003 (<0.01) | Beer (100) |
|
0.10 ± 0.19, (0.01) | 0.09 ±0.18 (<0.01) | Beer (73.6), white wine (26.3), cocoa powder (0.10) |
|
0.13 ± 0.12, (0.01) | 0.11 ± 0.12 (0.01) | Decaffeinated coffee (81.3), coffee (18.7) |
|
0.82 ± 1.12, (0.09) | 0.84 ± 1.14 (0.14) | Walnuts (100) |
|
52.4 ± 37.8, (6.19) | 30.0 ± 21.2 (4.83) | Olives (50.0), extra virgin olive oil (34.8), refined olive oil (5.17), red wine (3.29), other foods (6.74) |
|
1.96 ± 2.30, (0.23) | 0.66 ± 0.54 (0.11) | Orange juice (45.4), pears (18.2), coffee (16.0), other fruit juices (9.98), olives (5.86), other foods (4.56) |