. 2020 Mar 4;12(3):689. doi: 10.3390/nu12030689

Table 3.

Energy-adjusted intake of total polyphenol and their main subclasses according to sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics.

	n	Total Polypenols (mg/d)	p	Flavonoids (mg/d)	p	Phenolic Acids (mg/d)	p	Stilbenes (mg/d)	p	Lignans (mg/d)	p	Other Polyphenols (mg/d)	p
Total population	6633	846 ± 275 ¹		491 ± 229		290 ± 127		2.13 ± 3.81		1.53 ± 0.54		70.8 ± 38.5
Men	3424	830 ± 288	<0.001	469 ± 234	<0.001	285 ± 134	0.003	3.00 ± 4.74	<0.001	1.53 ± 0.54	0.933	72.1 ± 42.5	0.006
Women	3209	863 ± 259		515 ± 220		276 ± 118		1.21 ± 2.12		1.53 ± 0.53		69.5 ± 33.7
Age (years)
<65	3530	835 ± 275	0.002	476 ± 230	<0.001	285 ± 128	0.014	2.15 ± 4.03	0.605	1.51 ± 0.54	0.006	70.7 ± 39.2	0.967
65-70	2122	854 ± 271		503 ± 225		276 ± 123		2.07 ± 3.62		1.55 ± 0.52		71.0 ± 38.3
>70	981	866 ± 281		517 ± 228		275 ± 127		2.21 ± 3.40		1.55 ± 0.54		70.8 ± 36.4
BMI (Kg/m²)
<29.9	1762	847 ± 268	0.042	501 ± 225	0.004	272 ± 124	0.006	2.26 ± 3.85	<0.001	1.52 ± 0.49	0.679	69.9 ± 36.8	0.353
30-34.9	3258	852 ± 280		493 ± 232		284 ± 129		2.24 ± 3.90		1.53 ± 0.54		71.5 ± 39.7
>35	1613	831 ± 270		475 ± 226		282 ± 124		1.77 ± 3.57		1.54 ± 0.57		70.5 ± 37.9
Physical activity level
Low	3953	833 ± 278	<0.001	480 ± 231	<0.001	280 ± 129	0.884	1.85 ± 3.48	<0.001	1.51 ± 0.54	<0.001	70.0 ± 38.5	0.034
Moderate	1253	861 ± 267		503 ± 217		282 ± 123		2.30 ± 3.79		1.55 ± 0.54		71.7 ± 36.6
Active	1408	867 ± 271		510 ± 230		280 ± 123		2.76 ± 4.55		1.58 ± 0.53		72.8 ± 40.0
Educational level
Primary school	3266	834 ± 259	<0.001	482 ± 213	<0.001	278 ± 121	0.070	1.80 ± 3.38	<0.001	1.54 ± 0.55	0.093	70.9 ± 40.2	0.290
Secondary school	1913	840 ± 270		487 ± 227		279 ± 125		2.27 ± 3.98		1.51 ± 0.53		69.9 ± 38.1
University	1450	880 ± 311		517 ± 260		287 ± 139		2.70 ± 4.40		1.55 ± 0.52		72.0 ± 35.0
Smoking status
Current smokers	821	841 ± 296	0.581	455 ± 243	<0.001	311 ± 143	<0.001	2.33 ± 4.43	0.114	1.47±0.53	<0.001	70.5 ± 46.3	0.768
Non-smokers	5812	847 ± 272		496 ± 226		276 ± 123		2.10 ± 3.72		1.54±0.54		70.9 ± 37.3

¹ Mean ± Standard deviation. BMI: body mass index. Total and polyphenol subclasses were adjusted for total energy intake using the residual method. Comparison between subcategories was performed using ANOVA.