Table 2.
Time variation of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) concentrations in all women in the Brazilian cohort. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (n = 101).
| HMOs | All Women—Median (IQR) (mmol/L) Days Postpartum (n) |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2–8 (n = 52) | 28–50 (n = 75) | 88–119 (n = 46) | |
| Fucosylated or Sialylated Lactose | |||
| 2′FL | 5.04 (4.02–6.48) | 5.04 (3.31–5.85) | 4.26 (2.96–6.16) |
| 3FL | 0.27 b (0.19–0.45) | 0.36 c (0.25–0.84) | 1.88 bc (0.39–5.29) |
| DFLac | 0.25 ab (0.17–0.35) | 0.37 ac (0.27–0.49) | 0.44 bc (0.37–0.57) |
| 3′SL | 0.32 b (0.23–0.43) | 0.38 c (0.28–0.60) | 0.54 bc (0.43–0.70) |
| 6′SL | 0.37 ab (0.22–0.58) | 0.63 ac (0.48–0.94) | 0.49 bc (0.37–0.74) |
| Non-Fucosylated, Non-Sialylated HMOs | |||
| LNT | 1.40 (1.08–2.27) | 1.45 (1.04–2.00) | 1.36 (1.03–1.71) |
| LNnT | 0.58 b (0.30–1.18) | 0.28 c (0.18–0.42) | 0.33 bc (0.17–0.58) |
| LNH | 0.06 ab (0.03–0.11) | 0.08 ac (0.06–0.14) | 0.07 bc (0.04–0.09) |
| Fucosylated, Non-Sialylated HMOs | |||
| LNFP I | 2.66 b (2.04–3.48) | 1.56 c (0.85–2.36) | 0.76 bc (0.47–1.58) |
| LNFP II | 0.77 ab (0.60–1.08) | 1.12 ac (0.90–1.58) | 1.69 bc (1.42–2.26) |
| LNFP III | 0.08 b (0.07–0.12) | 0.07 c (0.05–0.10) | 0.04 bc (0.02–0.06) |
| DFLNT | 1.47 b (0.62–1.81) | 1.42 c (0.87–1.80) | 1.20 bc (0.93–1.57) |
| FLNH | 0.11 ab (0.05–0.16) | 0.13 ac (0.08–0.22) | 0.10 bc (0.07–0.14) |
| DFLNH | 0.13 (0.05–0.21) | 0.16 (0.09–0.25) | 0.12 (0.04–0.21) |
| Non-Fucosylated, Sialylated HMOs | |||
| LSTb | 0.09 (0.07–0.12) | 0.11 (0.07–0.15) | 0.07 (0.05–0.11) |
| LSTc | 0.77 b (0.63–0.96) | 0.27 c (0.18–0.35) | 0.10 bc (0.07–0.15) |
| DSLNT | 0.58 b (0.38–0.74) | 0.30 c (0.10–0.41) | 0.18 bc (0.03–0.30) |
| DSLNH | 0.22 ab (0.11–0.27) | 0.22 ac (0.15–0.33) | 0.09 bc (0.05–0.13) |
| Fucosylated, Sialylated HMOs | |||
| FDSLNH | 0.06 ab (0.04–0.12) | 0.17 ac (0.09–0.31) | 0.16 bc (0.09–0.24) |
| Total | 16.6 b (15.66–17.36) | 15.48 c (14.73–16.42) | 16.79 bc (15.09–17.43) |
IQR: interquartile range. a indicates that the HMO concentration at visit 1 is significantly different (p < 0.05) from the concentration at visit 2, b indicates that the HMO concentration at visit 1 is significantly different (p < 0.05) from the concentration at visit 3 and c indicates that the HMO concentration at visit 2 is significantly different (p < 0.05) from the concentration at visit 3 according to Friedman post-hoc test. DFLac, difucosyllactose; DFLNH, difucosyllacto-N-hexaose; DFLNT, difucosyllacto-N-tetrose; DSLNH, disialyllacto-N-hexaose; DSLNT, disialyllacto-Ntetraose; FDSLNH, fucodisialyllacto-N-hexaose; FLNH, fucosyllacto-N-hexaose; HMO, human milk oligosaccharide; LNFP, lacto-N-fucopentaose; LNH, lacto-N-hexaose; LNnT, lacto-N-neotetraose; LNT, lacto-N-tetrose; LSTb, sialyl-lacto-N-tetraose b; LSTc, sialyl-lacto-N-tetraose c; 2′FL, 2′-fucosyllactose; 3FL, 3-fucosyllactose; 3′SL, 3′-sialyllactose; 6′SL, 6′-sialyllactose.