Table 5.
Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (and 95% CIs) of hypertension according to quintile (Q) of VAI scores in a follow up from 2009 to 2011 (n = 4275).
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | p-trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | |||||
| Patient / total participants | 117 / 1198 | 154 / 1122 | 147/1052 | 169/903 | |
| Person-years | 1.97 ± 0.08 | 1.97 ± 0.08 | 1.98 ± 0.08 | 1.97 ± 0.08 | |
| Crude HR (95% CI) 1 | Ref | 1.398 (1.099, 1.777) | 1.341 (1.052, 1.710) | 1.692 (1.337, 2.143) | <0.001 |
| Adjusted HR (95% CI) 2 | Ref | 1.302 (1.023, 1.658) | 1.218 (0.955, 1.554) | 1.624 (1.282, 2.057) | 0.001 |
| Adjusted HR (95% CI) 3 | Ref | 1.306 (1.024, 1.665) | 1.193 (0.932, 1.526) | 1.641 (1.292, 2.083) | 0.001 |
| Adjusted HR (95% CI) 4 | Ref | 1.283 (1.006, 1.637) | 1.141 (0.890, 1.464) | 1.526 (1.194, 1.952) | 0.005 |
| Male | |||||
| Patient / total participants | 64 / 492 | 85 / 500 | 66 / 471 | 88 / 413 | |
| Person-years | 1.97 ± 0.08 | 1.97 ± 0.08 | 1.98 ± 0.08 | 1.98 ± 0.08 | |
| Crude HR (95% CI) 1 | Ref | 1.219 (0.881, 1.687) | 0.885 (0.627, 1.251) | 1.367 (0.990, 1.887) | 0.036 |
| Adjusted HR (95% CI) 5 | Ref | 1.200 (0.864, 1.665) | 0.948 (0.670, 1.342) | 1.600 (1.154, 2.219) | 0.005 |
| Adjusted HR (95% CI) 6 | Ref | 1.195 (0.858, 1.663) | 0.926 (0.653, 1.315) | 1.601 (1.152, 2.224) | 0.004 |
| Adjusted HR (95% CI) 7 | Ref | 1.171 (0.841, 1.632) | 0.889 (0.624, 1.266) | 1.497 (1.067, 2.101) | 0.010 |
| Female | |||||
| Patient / total participants | 53 / 1198 | 69 / 622 | 81 / 581 | 81 / 490 | |
| Person-years | 1.98 ± 0.08 | 1.98 ± 0.08 | 1.97 ± 0.08 | 1.98 ± 0.08 | |
| Crude HR (95% CI) 1 | Ref | 1.537 (1.074, 2.199) | 1.915 (1.355, 2.708) | 2.025 (1.432, 2.863) | <0.001 |
| Adjusted HR (95% CI) 5 | Ref | 1.379 (0.963, 1.976) | 1.462 (1.032, 2.072) | 1.497 (1.055, 2.123) | 0.108 |
| Adjusted HR (95% CI) 6 | Ref | 1.469 (1.020, 2.115) | 1.463 (1.025, 2.088) | 1.574 (1.102, 2.246) | 0.071 |
| Adjusted HR (95% CI) 7 | Ref | 1.457 (1.011, 2.099) | 1.418 (0.990, 2.031) | 1.498 (1.041, 2.157) | 0.124 |
CI, confidence interval; Q, quintile; VAI, visceral adiposity index; HR, hazard ratio; Ref, reference; MET-h, metabolic equivalent-hour; TC, total cholesterol. 1Model 1: original model without any adjustments; 2Model 2: adjusted for countryside, age, gender, nationality (Han or others), education (middle school or below, high school, or college or above); 3Model 3: adjusted as for model 2 plus smoking status (current or not current), alcohol consumption (yes or no), physical activity (unknown, 0.0–46.0, 46.1–97.8, 97.9–187.9, or ≥188.0 MET-h/week), antihypertensive medication (yes or no), total energy intake, and salt intake; 4Model 4: adjusted as for model 3 plus TC; 5Model 5: adjusted as for model 2 minus gender; 6Model 6: adjusted as for model 3 minus gender; 7Model 7: adjusted as for model 4 minus gender.